Cell Biology Flashcards
Interference with genetic regulation of cell division can result in developmental abnormalities of anatomy and function and is a major factor in _____ development.
cancer
_____ is mitotic cell growth in which the tissue or organ increases in size by increasing the number of cells within it.
hyperplasia
_____ is the expansion of the size of each individual cell to increase from infant size to adult size.
hypertrophy
Give four examples of tissue or organ cells that continue to grow or replace themselves by mitosis and hyperplasia:
- skin
- liver
- bone marrow
- linings of the GI tract and blood vessels
Give three examples of tissue and organ cells that do not grow by mitosis after maturation, but grow by hypertrophy:
- cardiac muscle cells
- skeletal muscle cells
- neurons
Cells of an organ that grow by hypertrophy and die are replaced by _____ tissue, which decreases the functioning of that organ.
scar
The rate of cell division decreases with _____.
age
Cell aging in tissues capable of mitosis is determined by _____ mitosis, or the number of preprogrammed cell divisions it can undergo.
quantal
As the organ cells capable of mitosis age, wear out, are damaged, or become less functional in some way, they undergo a process of programmed cell death or cellular suicide, known as _____.
apoptosis
For optimum function, mitosis must be balanced with _____.
apoptosis
The structural appearance of normal cells reflects their _____.
function
All normal cells perform at least one specific job, called a _____ function, that helps whole-body function.
differentiated
_____ cells have more than one differentiated function.
liver
Cells of a tissue or organ have several different cell surface proteins that allow them to adhere tightly together called _____ _____ _____.
cell adhesion molecules (or CAMS)
Name two cells that do not produce cell adhesion molecules (CAMS) and do not adhere to each other:
- erythrocytes
2. leukocytes
