Cell Biology Flashcards
What is the function of a nucleus?
Controls the cell and contains the DNA
What is the function of the mitochondria?
To carry out aerobic respiration
What is the function of the ribosomes?
to make proteins (proteinsynthesis)
What is the function of the cell membrane?
To control the movement of substance into and out of the cell
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Where chemical reactions take place
What is the function of chloroplasts?
To carry out photosynthesis
Name the three organelles plant cells have but animal cells do not
Chloroplasts, Cell wall, Permanent vacuole.
What is the function of a cell wall?
strengthens and supports the cell.
What is the function of a permanent vacuole?
Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid
Name 2 organelles eukaryotic cell have that prokaryotic do not
nucleus, Mitochondria
Name 2 organelles prokaryotic cells have that eukaryotic cells do not
Plasmids, DNA Loop
Define diffusion
The movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration.
What 4 factors affect the rate of diffusion?
Temperature, Concentration gradient, diffusion distance, surface area
What is a concentration gradient?
The difference between the high concentration and the low concentration
Define Osmosis
The movement of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.
Define Active transport
The movement of substances from a low to a high concentration. this requires energy from respiration
What happens in stage 1 of the cell cycle
Cell growth, DNA replicates, Number of organelles increase.
what happens in stage 2 of the cell cycle
Two identical sets of chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell and the nucleus divides
What happens in stage 3 of the cell cycle
The cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form 2 identical daughter cells.
What are stem cells
Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to become any or many different types of cell.
