Cell Biology

Question 1

Active Transport

Answer 1

The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution (against a concentration gradient) with the use of energy from respiration.

Question 2

Adult Stem Cell

Answer 2

A type of stem cell that can form many types of cells.

Question 3

Agar Jelly

Answer 3

A substance placed in Petri dishes which is used to culture microorganisms.

Question 4

Cell Differentiation

Answer 4

The process where a cell becomes specialised to its function.

Question 5

Cell Wall

Answer 5

An outer layer made of cellulose that strengthens plant cells.

Question 6

Chloroplast

Answer 6

An organelle which is the site of photosynthesis.

Question 7

Chromosomes

Answer 7

DNA structures that are found in the nucleus which are made up of genes.

Question 8

Concentration Gradient

Answer 8

The difference in concentration between two areas.

Question 9

Diffusion

Answer 9

The spreading out of particles of any substance in solution, or particles of a gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 10

Embryonic Stem Cell

Answer 10

A type of stem cell that can differentiate into most types of human cells.

Question 11

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 11

A type of cell found in plants and animals that contains a nucleus.

Question 12

Magnification

Answer 12

How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object.

Question 13

Meristematic Cells

Answer 13

A type of stem cell that can differentiate into any type of plant cell.

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

An organelle which is the site of respiration.

Question 15

Mitosis

Answer 15

A type of cell division which produces two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell.

Question 16

Nucleus

Answer 16

An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material of the cell and controls the activities of the cell.

Question 17

Organelle

Answer 17

A specialised structure found inside a cell.

Question 18

Osmosis

Answer 18

The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.

Question 19

Plasmid

Answer 19

Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

Question 20

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 20

A type of cell found in bacteria that does not contain a nucleus.

Question 21

Resolution

Answer 21

The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen.

Question 22

Specialised Cells

Answer 22

Cells that are adapted to perform a specific function.

Question 23

Stem Cell

Answer 23

An undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce many specialised cells of the same type.

Question 24

Surface Area

Answer 24

The amount of contact an object has with its environment.

Question 25

Surface Area to Volume Ratio (SA:V)

Answer 25

The size of the object compared with the amount of area where it contacts its environment.

Question 26

The Cell Cycle

Answer 26

A series of stages preparing the cell for division.

Question 27

Therapeutic Cloning

Answer 27

Producing an embryo that has the same genes as a patient.

Question 28

Vacuole

Answer 28

An organelle that stores cell sap.