Cell Biology Flashcards
What is the equation for magnification?
Magnification = image size / real size
What solution is used to prepare a slide for a light microscope?
Iodine solution
Name the parts of a light microscope. (Hint: there are six)
Eyepiece, coarse adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob, light, stage, high and low power objective lenses.
What subcellular structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
Cell wall, Chloroplasts and Permanent vacuole.
How do you convert from millimetres to micrometres?
Multiply by 1000. E.g. 5000 micrometres / 1000 = 5 millimetres
Give two structural differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Any two from:
Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells / Prokaryotic cells don’t have mitochondria but eukaryotic cells do / Prokaryotic cells don’t have a true nucleus but eukaryotic cells do / Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA but eukaryotic cells don’t.
What are stem cells?
Undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into any type of cell depending on what instructions they’re given.
How are sperm cells specialised for reproduction?
-Long tail
-Streamlined head to help it swim to the egg
-Lots of mitochondria to provide the energy needed
-Carries enzymes to digest through the egg cell membrane.
How are nerve cells specialised for rapid signalling?
-Long (to cover more distance)
-Branched connections at their ends to connect other nerve cells and form a network.
How are muscle cells specialised for contraction?
- Long so they have space to contract
- Lots of mitochondria to generate the energy needed for contraction
How are the phloem and xylem cells specialised for transporting substance?
-Phloem and xylem cells form phloem and xylem tubes to transport food and water around plants
-The cells are long and join end to end
-Xylem cells are hollow in the centre and phloem cells have very few subcellular structures, so that stuff can flow through them.
