CELL BIOLOGY

Question 1

Name the different parts of a plant cell and their function

Answer 1

Nucleus - controls the activities of the cell and is where all the genetic material is located, Cell wall - keeps the structure rigid and strong and supports the cell, Cell membrane - controls what comes in and out of the cell, acts as a barrier. Mitochondria - where aerobic respiration takes place to provide the cell with energy, Ribosomes - to synthesise proteins, Vacuole - stores all the waste and also gets rid of all the waste products, Cytoplasm - where all the chemical reactions take place. Chloroplasts = contains chlorophyll which allows photosynthesis takes place.

Question 2

What are the three things an animal cell does not have but a plant cell does?

Answer 2

Chloroplasts, vacuole and cell wall

Question 3

What is magnification?

Answer 3

how much bigger a sample appears to be under the microscope than it is in real life

Question 4

What can microscopes help us see that we cannot without a microscope?

Answer 4

Individual cells and sub cellular structures

Question 5

Name the pros and cons of electron microscopes

Answer 5

Use electrons instead of light, they have a higher magnification and a higher resolution, it allows us to see smaller things in more detail. However, they are more expensive and specimens must be dead. The max resolution is 2nm and the max magnification x10,000,000

Question 6

What is the equation for magnification?

Answer 6

Magnification = image size / real size

Question 7

Describe the steps of microscopy

Answer 7

Put whatever you are testing on the stage attach to the clip, select the lowest powered objective lens and use the coarse adjustment knob o move up the stage to just below the objective lens. Look down the eyepiece and adjust the focus with the fine adjustment knob and swap to a higher objective lens.

Question 8

What is the function of xylem and phloem cells?

Answer 8

To transport substances ( water + food) around the plant

Question 9

Name the difference in structure of a xylem and a phloem cell

Answer 9

A xylem is hollow and a phloem has fewer sub cellular structures

Question 10

What is the function of the muscle cell and what helps it to fit its function?

Answer 10

Muscle cells function is for contraction and it is long and and lots of mitochondria to provide it with energy, there is a large surface area to ensure there is enough space to contract.

Question 11

What is the function of a root hair cell and what helps it to fit its function?

Answer 11

The function is to absorb water and minerals, it covers a large surface area and is very long.