Cell Biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

function of ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is osmosis

A

the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is active transport

A

the movement of particles across a membrane against a concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define selectively permeable

A

some substances are let through but others are not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is diffusion

A

the movement of particles from an area of a higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is meant by the term plasmolysed

A

when a cell shrinks/shrivels as a result of osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is meant by the term turgid

A

when a cell swells/bursts due to osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is glucose broken down into during aerobic respiration

A

pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is fermentation

A

the type of respiration that doesnt require oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is lactate produced in animals or plant

A

animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of the cell membrane

A

to control what enters and exits the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the role of the vacuole

A

stores sap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the cell wall made from

A

cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of the nucleus

A

contains genetic material which controls the activities of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do chromosomes contain

A

DNA

17
Q

what is a gene

A

a small section of DNA found on a chromosome

18
Q

what are the complementary base pairs

A

adenine and thymine, cytosine and guanine

19
Q

how are proteins synthesised

A

the DNA contains the genetic coding for the protein.
in the nucleus, the two DNA strands unzip around the gene.
the mRNA is made which moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, then attaches to a ribosome.
amino acids that match the code on the mRNA are joined together in the right order which makes the protein.

20
Q

what is an enzyme

A

biological catalysts which speed up chemical reactions in the body

21
Q

hormones are…

A

chemical messengers which carry messages around the body

22
Q

what are antibodies

A

they are produced by white blood cells and help fight disease

23
Q

what happens during a degradation reaction

A

a substrate binds to an enzymes active site and is then broken down into more than one product

24
Q

describe a synthesis reaction

A

where more than one substrates bind to an enzyme and are joined together into one product molecule

25
Q

what is an optimum temperature

A

the temperature at which enzymes work best at

26
Q

how does pH affect enzymes

A

low or high pH levels can cause an enzymes active site to denature

27
Q

what are the steps in genetic engineering

A

the section of DNA with the useful gene is identified.
the gene is cut out from the chromosome using enzymes.
a plasmid is taken from a bacteria cell.
the plasmid is cut open using enzymes and the gene is inserted.
the plasmid is then inserted into a host bacterial cell.

28
Q
A