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N5 Biology > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are cells?

A

Cells are basic units of life.

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2
Q

What are the four types of cell?

A

Animal, plant, fungal and bacterial

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3
Q

Name all the organelles in an animal cell.

A
  • ribosomes
  • cell membrane
  • mitochondria
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
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4
Q

Name all the organelles in a plant cell.

A
  • chloroplasts
  • cell membrane
  • cell wall (cellulose)
  • cytoplasm
  • mitochondria
  • vacuole
  • ribosomes
  • nucleus
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5
Q

Name all the organelles in a fungal cell.

A
  • cytoplasm
  • cell wall (no cellulose)
  • cell membrane
  • vacuole
  • mitochondria
  • ribosomes
  • nucleus
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6
Q

Name all the organelles in a bacterial cell.

A
  • plasmid
  • bacterial chromosome
  • cell wall
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • ribosomes
  • flagellum
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7
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Controls cell activities.

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8
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.

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9
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Supports the cell, gives it a rigid structure.

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10
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

Contains organelles and is the site of chemical reactions.

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11
Q

What is the function of the ribosome?

A

Site of protein synthesis.

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12
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Site of aerobic respiration.

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13
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

Site of photosynthesis.

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14
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

Stores water, sugar and salt as cell sap.

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15
Q

What is the function of the plasmid?

A

Circular rings of DNA that contain additional genes which are beneficial to the cell.

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16
Q

Is the cell membrane selectively permeable?

A

Yes, it only allows small and soluble molecules to cross.

17
Q

What is the cell membrane made up of?

A

Proteins and phospholipids.

18
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from a higher to a lower concentration.

19
Q

Is diffusion a passive or active process?

A

Passive, which means it does not require energy.

20
Q

What is a concentration gradient?

A

It is the difference between a high and low concentration.

21
Q

Why is diffusion important?

A
  • To gain the raw materials for respiration
    —> oxygen and food (e.g glucose)
  • To remove waste products
    —> carbon dioxide, urea
22
Q

What is the diffusion of water called?

A

Osmosis.

23
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.

24
Q

Is osmosis a passive or active process?

A

A passive process, this means it does not require energy.

25
Q

What happens to an animal cell placed in pure water?

A

Water enters the cell by osmosis down a water concentration gradient, the animal cell bursts.

26
Q

What happens to an animal cell when it’s placed in a dilute sugar/salt solution?

A

As there is no difference in the water concentration inside and outside the cell, no change occurs.

27
Q

What happens to an animal cell placed in a concentrated sugar/salt solution?

A

Water leaves by osmosis down a water concentration gradient, the animal cell shrinks.

28
Q

What happens to a plant cell that is placed in pure water?

A

Water enters by osmosis causing the cell to swell, the cell wall prevents it from bursting. The cell is now described as turgid.

29
Q

What happens to a plant cell placed in a dilute sugar/salt solution?

A

As there is no difference in the water concentration, no change occurs.

30
Q

What happens to a plant cell placed in a concentrated sugar/salt solution?

A

Water leaves by osmosis. This causes the vacuole to shrink away from the cell wall. The cell is now described as plasmolysed, the tissue is described as flaccid.

31
Q

What is active transport?

A

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a low to a high concentration i.e against the concentration gradient

32
Q

Does active transport require energy?

A

Yes, as energy is needed to move molecules against the concentration gradient.

33
Q

What is DNA?

A

DNA is a molecules which carries genetic information.

34
Q
A

N5 Biology (2 decks)

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