Cell Biology

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CELL BIOLOGY

Question 14

Eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus

Question 15

Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

The Nucleus - Contains genetic material

Question 17

Animal Cell

The Cytoplasm is where most of the chemical reactions happen

Question 18

Animal Cell

Ribosomes are where proteins are made

Question 19

Animal Cell

The Cell Membrane controls what goes in and out

Question 20

Animal Cell

The Mitochondria are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place

Question 21

Plant Cells

Question 22

Plant Cell

The Cell Wall is made of cellulose and strengthens the cell

Question 23

Plant Cell

The Permanent Vacuole contains cell sap

Question 24

Plant Cell

Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs

Question 25

Plant Cell

Plant cells also have all the subcellular structures found in animal cells:-

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Mitochondria

Question 26

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus and are tiny compared to eukaryotic cells

Question 27

Cell Division

Question 28

Cell Division

Chromosomes and the Cell Cycle

Question 29

Cell Division

CHROMOSOMES are coiled up lengths of DNA molecules, which carry GENES. They are found in the nucleus and they are normally in pairs in body cells

Question 30

Cell Division

The Cell Cycle is a series of stages in which cells divide to produce new cells

Question 31

Cell Division - Cell Cycle

Before a cell divides, it does three things

1. Grows in size
2. Increases the amount of subcellular structures
   e.g. mitochondria and ribosomes
3. Duplicates its DNA

Question 32

Cell Division

MITOSIS

Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle when the cell divides

Mitosis allows multicellular organisms to grow or replace cells that have been damaged

Question 33

Cell Division - Mitosis

The cells DNA has been doubled

Question 34

Cell Division - Mitosis

One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell

Question 35

Cell Division - Mitosis

The cytoplasm and cell membranes divide

Question 36

Cell Division - Mitosis

Two cells are formed, which are identical to each other and to the parent cell

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Cell Specialisation

Question 39

Cell Specialisation

Cell Differentiation

DIFFERENTIATION is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

In most animal cells, the abilityto differentiate is lost at an early stage, but many plant cells never lose this ability

Question 40

Cell Differentiation

Five types of specialised cells

Question 41

Cell Differentiation

A sperm cell has a long tail and streamlined head for swimming to the egg