cell biology Flashcards
State the organelles found in both animal and plant cells
Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosome
State the organelles found in plant cells only
Chloroplast, permanent vacuole, cell wall
What is the function of the nucleus?
Stores DNA. Controls the activities of the cell
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what enters and exits the cell
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Where reactions to support life occur
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Transfers energy from glucose due through respiration
What is the function of the ribosome?
Responsible for protein synthesis
What is the function of the chloroplast?
Site of photosynthesis. Contains chlorophyll, a green photosynthetic pigment
What is the function of the permanent vacuole?
Contains cell sap. Presses against the cell, helping maintain the structure of the cell.
What is the function of the cell wall?
Made of cellulose. Maintains the structure of the cell.
Define differentiation
The process by which cells, tissue, and organs acquire specialized features, especially during embryonic development
Define specialisation
The adaptation of an organ or part to serve a special function or to suit a particular way of life
Define stem cells
Undifferentiated cells that can differentiate to form specialised cells
State the name of stem cells in plants.
Meristem
State some ethical issues with the use of stem cells in research
Unnatural, goes against religions, bodily autonomy (everyone has a right to decide what happens to their body- why
shouldn’t a foetus?), when does life start?
