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Bio 25 > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of Life - Nutrition

A

Obtaining food to provide the energy and the materials needed for life

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2
Q

Functions of Life - Metabolism

A

Chemical reactions inside the cell, including cell respiration to release energy

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3
Q

Functions of Life - Growth

A

An irreversible increase in size

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4
Q

Functions of Life - Response

A

The ability to react to changes in the environemtn

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5
Q

Functions of Life - Excretion

A

Getting rid of the waste products of metabolism

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6
Q

Functions of Life - Homeostasis

A

Keeping conditions inside the organism within tolerable limits

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7
Q

Functions of Life - Reproduction

A

Producing off spring either sexually or asexually

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8
Q

Cell Theory

A
  • All living things are made up of one or more cells and the materials produced by these cells
  • All life functions take place in cells, making them the smallest unit of life
  • All cells are produced from pre-existing cells through the process of cell division
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9
Q

M C V | B O C (Master Chef Villian Buys Organic Cheese)

A

Nanometers to Micrometers - 1,10,100 | 1, 10, 100

Molecule, cell membrane, virus |
Bacteria, Organelle, Cell

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10
Q

Exceptions to Cell Theory - Striated Muscle

A
  • Skeletal muscle is composed of muscle fibres (cells) that can measure up to 300mm (30cm) or more and therefore much larger than regular cells
  • In addition to this, each muscle fibre/cell contains hundreds of nuclei
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11
Q

Exceptions to Cell Theory - Giant Algae

A
  • Can grow up to 100mm long, yet are unicellular (contain only 1 nucleus). Due to their size one would expect them to be multicellular
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12
Q

Exceptions to Cell Theory - Aseptate Fungi

A
  • Fungi are made of thread life structures called hyphae (normal in fungi) divided by septa/divisions
  • In aseptate fungi, these hyphae are not divided into sections, instead they are uninterrupted tube-like structures which contain many nuclei
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13
Q

SA/V Ratio of cell explanation

A

As the cell gets larger, the SA:V ratio gets smaller and vice versa

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Production of a high-energy organic (Carbon and Hydrogen containing – Glucose) compound from inorganic compounds (Not Carbon and/or Hydrogen containing; contains no nutritional value)

6 CO2 + 6 H20 –> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

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16
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

Done by archaeans (bottom of ocean floor)
H2S + O2 + CO2 –> C6H12O6 + 4 S + H2O

  • Production of glucose from inorganic compounds (in the absence of light)
17
Q

Binary Fission

A

Process through which prokaryotic organic divide and reproduce very rapidly (form of asexual reproduction)

18
Q

K H D M D C M _ _ um _ _ nm

A

King Henry Died Mother Didnt Care Much _ _ micrometers _ _ nanometers

Kilo | Hecta | Deca | Meter |Deci | Centi | Milli | ___ | ___ | micrometers | __ | __ | nanometers

19
Q

Vesicle Transport between ER, Golgi, and plasma membrane

A
  1. Instructions for building a protein are found in the nucleus
  2. Proteins are made by the rER and begin to travel through it
  3. Vesicle carrying protein is formed at the end of the rER, heads to the golgi apparatus
  4. Golgi apparatus receives, processes, and packages the protein
  5. New vesicle is formed, leaves the golgi apparatus, heads to the plasma membrane
  6. Secretion of material by exocytosis
20
Q

Endocrine Glands vs. Exocrine Glands

A

Endocrine - Secreting hormones directly into the blood
Exocrine - Producing + secreting digestive enzymes/products that eventually leaves the body

  • Pancreas acts as both
21
Q

Davson - Danielli Model (1935)

A

(Wrong model) Suggest the sandwich model: Layers of proteins adjacent to the phospholipid bilayer

22
Q

Singer - Nicolson (1966)

A

(Correct model) Suggests that in contrast to Davsons’s model, proteins occupy a variety of positions in the membrane. Peripheral proteins attached to outside and Integral proteins embedded in the bilayer.

23
Q

T | R | A | C | I | E (Function of different proteins in the cell membrane)

A

Transport | Receptors | Anchorage | Communication | Intercellular Joinings | Enzymes

24
Q

Miller Urey Expirement

A

Contraption to simulate early Earth conditions to test the origin of life
- Produced organic molecule such as amino acids (form proteins), glucose (forms glycogen), Glycerol + Fatty acids (form lipids)

25
Q

Miller Urey Expirement - W | H | A | M

A

Gases used to simulate early Earth
W - Water (g)
H - Hydrogen
A - Ammonia
M - Methane
Including N2, CO2

26
Q

Endosymbiotic theory

A

Suggested that the mitochondria came from cyanobacteria and chloroplast originated from aerobic bacteria that were once engulfed by large prokaryotic cells.
Reasons for Theory:
1) Size of chloroplasts are similar to aerobic bacteria that was engulfed
2)Chloroplast + mitochondria have multiple membranes that they most likely achieved via endocytosis
3)Both have their own DNA which is very similar to DNA of prokaryotes engulfed (DNA) - circular, naked (No histones)
4)Both replicate via binary fission (Asexual reproduction)

27
Q

Centrioles

A
  • Found near the nuclear envelope of animals cells
  • Serve as the cell’s skeletal system
28
Q

Redi’s Experiment

A

Disproved spontaneous generation: By placing meat in open air and in a sealed environment. He observed that flies and maggots only formed in the open jar but none in the sealed jar.

29
Q

Starch Granules

A
  • Found only in plant cells
  • Well packed storehouse of glucose sugar units
29
Q

Starch Granules

A
  • Found only in plant cells
  • Well packed storehouse of glucose sugar units
30
Q

louis Pasteur’s Experiment

A

Further Disproved spontaneous generation: Pasteur’s experiment consisted of boiled broth in flasks with Swan-shaped necks. Observed how The Swan-shaped necks prevented microorganisms from entering and contaminating the broth after boiling.

Bio 25 (1 decks)

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