Cell Biology Flashcards
What are prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
All living things are made up of either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes are organisms made up of eukaryotic cells but a prokaryote is a prokaryotic cell - its a single-celled organism.
What’s the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic are bigger and complex and include all animal and plant cells. Prokaryotic cells are much smaller and simpler and include all types of bacteria and some types of algae.
What sub-cellular structures do most animal cells have?
Majority of animals cells have the following:
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Ribosomes
What sub-cellular structures do most plant cells have?
Majority of plant cells have the following:
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Ribosomes
So they have all the features animals have, and..
- Cell wall
- Permanent vacuole
- Chloroplasts
What sub-cellular structures do most bacterial cells have?
Majority of bacterial cells have the following:
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
- Cytoplasm
- Circular strand of DNA
- Plasmids
What’s the function of the nucleus?
The nucleus contains genetic material that controls the activities pf the cell.
What’s the function of cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance where most the of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes which control these reactions.
What’s the function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes are where the proteins are made in the cell.
What’s the function of mitochondria?
Mitochondria is where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place. Respiration transfers energy that the cells need to work.
What’s the function of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out the cell.
What’s the function of the cell wall?
A rigid cell wall is made of cellulose and it helps to support and strengthen the cell.
What’s the function of the permanent vacuole?
A permanent vacuole contains cell sap, which is a weak solution of sugar and salts.
What’s the function of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts is where photosynthesis occurs. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs all the light needed for photosynthesis.
What’s the function of plasmids?
Plasmids are small rings of DNA. They’re not in every bacterial cell but if they are there could be one or more of them.
Where do bacterial cells enclose genetic information if they don’t have a nucleus?
The genetic material of a bacterial cell isn’t enclosed in a nucleus, instead its stored in a single circular strand of DNA.
