CELL BIOLOGY Flashcards
What is a cell
A cell is the basic unit of structure & function in a living organism
Who discovered cell and what year
Robert Hooke in 1665
Who put forward the cell theory
Matthias schleiden & theodor schwann(1838 & 1839)
Components of cell theory
All living organisms are composed of cells
All cells come from preexisting ones
Cells are the structural unit in living things
(Organisms are either unicellular or multicellular
There is no life apart from that of cells)
What is the protoplasm composed of
Cytoplasm and nucleus
What is the living part of the cell
Protoplasm
Where are organelles and cellular inclusions found
Cytoplasm
What is the largest and most prominent cell in eukaryotic cells
Nucleus
Cell membrane is made up of
Phospholipids bi-layer and proteins embedded in them
What are the functions of the cell membrane
It controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the cell
It protects the internal structures of the cell
It gives support to the cell and maintains its shape
It serves as a barrier between the interior and exterior of a cell
It enables the formation of distinct organelles in the cell
What is the interior space of the mitochondria called
Cisterna
How is the cristae in mitochondria formed
It is formed by the folds of its inner membrane
What are the compositions of the cell wall
Cellulose, wax and gelatinous materials
In what part of the cell can lignin be found
Cell wall of old plants
What part of the cell does metabolic reaction take place
Cytoplasm
Rough Endoplasmic recticulum is involved in
Protein synthesis
Smooth endoplasmic recticulum is involved in
Fat synthesis
Why is rough E.R involved in protein synthesis
It has ribosomes attached to its membrane
What special secretions does golgi body secrete
Gland cells
Glyco-proteins are produced by what organelle
Golgi body
What are ribosomes composed of
Protein and RNA
What organelle produces lysosomes
Golgi body
What do the enzymes contained in the lysosome do
They split complex chemical substances into simpler substances
What is the granular interior of a centrosome called
Centriole
The centrosome is surrounded by an area of condensed cytoplasm called
Centrosphere
What forms the spindle during nuclear division
Centrosome
What plastic does not contain pigment and what is it’s function
Leucoplast, it is used to store starch
Where are leucoplasts mostly found
Storage cells of roots and underground stems
What are the types of leucoplast
Amyloplast and elactoplast
The colours of chromoplasts ranges from
Red to orange to yellow
Where are chromoplasts mainly found
In petals of flowers and fruits
What are the types of chromoplast and their respective pigments
Xantophyll - yellow
Carotene - red-orange
Which of the plastids has green pigment and what is its function
Chloroplast
They are used to manufacture food(photosynthesis)
What are the examples of chloroplast and their ratio of arrangement
Chlorophyll A and B (3:1)
What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Nuclear membrane
How do materials move to and from the nucleus
Through the pores in the nuclear membrane
What part of the nucleus stores RNA
Nucleoli
What are the functions of the nucleus
It controls physiological activities
It governs transmission of hereditary characters
What are the types of locomotory organelles
Cilia, pseudopodia, flagella
What is a vacuole
It’s a fluid cell sap composed of water and dissolved materials
What are the functions of the vacuole
They store food materials in plant cell
They serve as deposit for nucleic materials
They help to maintain cell turgidity
What organelles are found in plant cells only
Cell wall, chloroplast
What organelle is found in animal cells only
Centriole
What are the two types of cell division and where do they take place
Mitosis - all parts of the body
Meiosis - reproductive organs
Differences between mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis requires 1 nuclear division, meiosis requires 2
Mitosis results in growth and development, meiosis results in production of sperm and egg
Mitosis produces 2 diploid daughter cells, meiosis produces 4 haploid daughter cells
The daughters cells in mitosis are genetically similar to each other and the parent cell, in meiosis they are not
The types of cells that continue to divide when adulthood is reached include
Blood cells, skin cells, bone cells
What is a cell cycle
It is a repeating sequence of events in eukaryotic cells that involves cell growth and nuclear division
Mitotic division is divided into
Mitosis - (division of the nucleus)
Cytokinesis - (division of the cytoplasm)
What are the stages of mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What stage of cell cycle is the longest
Interphase
What are pluripotent cells
They are cells that can differentiate to all cell types in an adult
What are totipotent cells
They are cells that can differentiate to all cell types including embryonic and adult
What are multipotent cells
They are cells that can differentiate into different cells within a lineage
What is the potency of a cell based on
It’s based on the number of cells it can differentiate into
