Cell Biology Flashcards
what do an egg and sperm cell form?
A zyogt
what are the inner cells of the embryo called?
Embryonic stem cell
where are stem cells found?
stem cells can be found in embryos, liver, blood, brain, muscle and bone marrow
Do all cells divide and replace themself?
No they dont, most do but
where can you find stem cells in plants?
stem cells are found in the meristem
why do people clone plants?
reasons that people clone plants:
so rare plants don’t die out
to produce identical plants for research
to produce a large amount of identical plants with special feature e.g disease resistance.
what do scientist hope they will be able to do with stem cells?
scientist hope that stem cells helps with type one diabetes, paralysis and hopefully be able to produce a whole new organs.
how many cells do scientists estemate adults have?
scientists estimate that you will have around 37.2 trillion (15-100t)
why aren’t all the cells in your body the same?
not all the cells in your body are not the same as your original cells because they keep growing and dividing as you grow they start to defrentiate.
in early development of plants and animals embryos they are unspecialized, what are they called?
they are called stem cells.
why are stem cells unspecialised at the beginning of an animal and plant life?
they are unspecialised so that they can turn into any cell needed
At what point in the growth of a baby are most of the cells specialised?
most of the its cells have specialized quite early on and have jobs to carry out before the baby is born.
what is the name of the process the cells go to divide?
the name of the process of cell division is called mitosis
why does mitosis happen?
mitosis happens so that dead or damaged cells can be replaced
how do red blood cells and skin cells replace dead and damaged cells, because they can’t be divided with mitosis?
when red blood cells or skin cells get damaged or dead cells, adult stem cells will replace them.
what cell can not be divided by mitosis or be replaced with adult stem cells?
nerve cells cannot be replaced or divided by mitosis.
how much growth takes place in a fully grown animal?
little to no growth takes place in a fully grown animal
when does cell division happen in adults?
cell division only happens in adults to replace old cells and damaged cells and only divided to make the same type of cell
What kind of cell is a bacteria?
Bacteria is a prokaryotic cell, is has its DNA in form of loops(not in a nucleus) and often contains plasmids. It also only contains one cell.
What kind of cells are plants and animals?
Most plants and animals are multicellular and eukaryotic. Meaning that they have multiple cells and have a nucleus.
What is differentiation?
