Cell Biology

Question 1

Use the terms ‘eukaryotic’ and ‘prokaryotic’ to describe types of cells

Answer 1

Animal/plant cell - Eukaryotic

Bacteria cell - Prokaryotic

Question 2

Demonstrate an understanding of the scale and size of cells and be able to make order of magnitude calculations, inc standard form

Answer 2

magnification = image size/real size

Question 3

Recall the structures found in animal and plant (eukaryotic) cells inc algal cells

Answer 3

Both - nucleus (DNA), cytoplasm (chemical reaction), ribosomes (proteins made), membrane (controls what goes in and out), mitochondria (most reaction for respiration take place)

Plant - wall (cellulose - strengths cell), vacuole (contains cell sap), chloroplasts (photosynthesis occurs)

Algae - rigid cell wall and chloroplasts

Question 4

Use estimations and explain when they should be used to judge the relative size or area of sub-cellular structures

Question 5

Required practical 1: use a light microscope to observe, draw and label a selection of plant and animal cells

Question 6

Describe what a specialised cell is, including examples for plants and animals

Answer 6

Plants - Xylem and phloem for transporting substances

Animals - Sperm cell for reproduction/muscle cell for contraction.

Question 7

Describe what differentiation is, including differences between animals and plants

Answer 7

Differentiation - the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

Animals cells - ability to differentiate lost at early stage

Plant cells - never lose ability to differentiate

Question 8

Describe the features of bacterial (prokaryotic) cells

Answer 8

Cell wall, cell membrane, plasmid (small ring of DNA), DNA loop floating in cytoplasm, no true nucleus.

Question 9

Describe how genetic information is stored in the nucleus of a cell (inc genes & chromosomes)

Answer 9

Chromosomes - coiled up lengths of DNA molecules, which carry genes. Found in nucleus and normally found in pairs in body cells.