Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell biology > Cell biology 1.1-1.3 > Flashcards

Cell biology 1.1-1.3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of life

A 
Metabolism
Reproduction
Homeostasis
Response
Excretion
Nutrition
Growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cell theory

A

All living organisms are composed of cells
Cells are the smallest units of life
Cells come from pre-existing cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cells are the fundamental units of life. Explain what this means

A

All living organisms are composed of cells and that without cells, there would be no life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why do multicellular organisms have emergent properties?

A

Because emergent properties arise when different cellular components interact with each other to carry out a specific functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Are vacuoles larger in animals or plants, why?

A

Plants.

Animal cells do not require vacuoles for rigity & pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What supports that cells arise from pre-existing cells?

A

Louis-Pasteur swan neck experiment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does a larger SA:Vol ratio mean?

A

Cells can work more efficiently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why does larger SA:Vol ratio allow cells to work more efficiently?

A

For every unit that requires nutrients or produces waste, there is a membrane to serve it. Metabolic reactions occur on the membranes.
The diffusion pathways are more efficient. This is because molecules do not have to travel so far to get in& out of the cell, so it takes less time (and if these molecules are diffusing by active transport) they require less energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are chromosomal DNA located in prokaryotes?

A

Naked DNA, located in the region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe chromosomes in prokaryotes

A

Single circular chromosomes of ‘naked’ DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the function of the cell wall in plants

A

Semi-rigid structure outside the plasma membrane
Composed mainly of cellulose
Supports cell & limits its volume
Prevents excessive water uptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the cell wall composed of?

A

Mainly of cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does chlorophyll contain

A

dense stacks of membranes (Grana) within a colourless fluid which is much like cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why do cells & tissues specialised for gas or material exchange increase their surface area?

A

to optimise the transfer of materials

e.g microvilli in the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What will happen if the metabolic rate is greater than the rate of exchange of vital materials & wastes?

A

The cell will eventually die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What makes stem cells suitable for therapeutic uses?

A

Their ability to divide & differentiate along different pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Do single-celled organisms usually have a small or large SA?

A

small SA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do specialised cells & tissues arise?

A

through differentiation, which is regulated through differential gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What produces the emergent property of metabolism in a cell?

A

biochemical reactions in all cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are glycolipids?

A

phospholipids w attached carbohydrates by a covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of a glycolipid?

A

Cell signalling, cell-cell recognition & help stabilise membrane structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What makes cholesterol attracted to the phospholipid bilayer?

A

It has a hydroxyl group which attracts it to the phosphate heads, and has a hydrophobic tale which is attracted to the hydrophobic tails of the bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of diffusion do channel proteins allow?

A

facilitated diffusion

forms a pore through the hydrophobic interior of the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of transport do carrier proteins allow?

A

facilitated & active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nutrition in plants

A

involves making organic molecules, during photosynthesis

26
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus comprised of?

A

made up of flattened sacked pouches called cisternae

membrane-bound organelle

27
Q

What phospholipid molecule is polar?

A

the phosphate head

28
Q

What does semi-permeable mean?

A

some substances & molecules can pass through the membrane, but other cannot.

29
Q

What is a phospholipid bilayer?

A

a double layer of phospholipids that makes up a plasma membrane

30
Q

Which has higher SA: Vol ratio, prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

A

prokaryotes

31
Q

What does the potency of a stem cell depend on?

A

depends on their origin

32
Q

How many genes are there in a humans genome?

A

25000

33
Q

What are the substances that need to be transported into all kinds of animal cells for them to survive?

A

oxygen
glucose
water

34
Q

How many specialised cell types are there to be recognised in humans?

A

200

35
Q

What are the features of chloroplasts

A

surrounded by a double membrane

vary in shape but are usually spherical

36
Q

Nutrition in animals & fungi

A

involves the absorption of organic matter

37
Q

What is nutrition?

A

the intake of nutrients which may take different forms in different organisms

38
Q

What is metabolism?

A

chemical processes that occur within a living organism to sustain life

39
Q

Growth

A

irreversible increase in size or shape that occurs over a period of time

40
Q

Excretion

A

the removal of waste products of metabolism & other unimportant materials from an organism

41
Q

Response

A

response to a stimulus, a reaction the living organism gives to changes in the external environment

42
Q

Homeostasis

A

maintenance of a constant internal environment by regulating internal cell conditions

43
Q

Reproduction

A

the production of an offspring either sexually or asexually, to pass on genetic material to the next generation

44
Q

Cells are the smallest units of life, explain this

A

a cell is the basic unit capable of carrying out all the functions of a living organism

45
Q

Cells come from pre-existing cells, explain this

A

cells do not show spontaneous generation

46
Q

What are the certain common features of cells?

A

plasma membrane
cytoplasm
DNA

47
Q

Why is a virus a non-living thing?

A

because it cannot carry out all of the processes of life

48
Q

Viruses

A

has a protein coat & has genetic material (DNA/RNA)
they do not metabolise or reproduce- these functions are carried out by the infected host cells
they do not have a cellular structure

49
Q

What is a paramecium?

A

a unicellular organism that performs all the 7 functions of life in that one cell

50
Q

Extracellular components

A

salt, amino acids, sugar, neurotransmitters & water

51
Q

Why do cells differentiate?

A

for emergent properties

52
Q

Only plant cell organelles

A

Central large vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell wall

53
Q

Nucleolus

A

part of the nucleus which is involved in the production of ribosomes

54
Q

Increase volume=

A

increase metabolic reactions

55
Q

What is diffusion?

A

movement of molecules moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

56
Q

Does a cell vs a body of cells have the same properties?

A

no

57
Q

How to identify a mitochondria on a microscope

A

by the lines of a membrane

58
Q

does phospholipid bilayer have a single membrane?

A

yes, except for if its 2 phospholipid bilayers

59
Q

besides nucleus, what other organelles contain DNA?

A

mitochondria, chloroplasts, both organelles are able to survive & replicate themselves outside of the cell

60
Q

What organelle helps w nuclear division?

A

centrioles

Cell biology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions