Cell Bio Topic Test

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

1. All living things are made up of one or more cells
2. All cells come from other cells by diffusion
3. The cell is fundamental unit of life

Question 2

Three Domains of Life

Answer 2

1. Prokaryotes: Bacteria + Archaea

2. Eukaryotes: Eukarya

Question 3

Cell Differentiation

Answer 3

allows for emergent properties in multicellular organisms

Question 4

Differentiation

Answer 4

process of becoming a specialized cell

Question 5

Stem cells

Answer 5

1. have not differentiated
2. not assigned a specific job in the organism
   * But has the ability to differentiate along different pathways*

Question 6

Stem cell characteristics

Answer 6

unspecialized- divide rapidly

Question 7

Stem cells- Pluripotent

Answer 7

able to make any body cell (3-14 days of an embryo)

Question 8

Stem cells- Multipotent

Answer 8

able to make a range of cells with a particular tissue type (after 14 days of an embryo)

Question 9

How are stem cells obtained?

Answer 9

1. Vitro Fertilization
2. Therapeutic cloning
3. Blood marrow transplant
4. Umbilical cord

Question 10

Big picture of Stem Cells

Answer 10

stem cells have the capacity to divide and remain undifferentiated

Question 11

Phospholipids

Answer 11

type of liquid made from two fatty acid chain tails attached to a phospholipid group head

Question 12

Phospholipid group head +

Phospholipid group tail

Answer 12

head-polar and hydrophilic

tail- non polar and hydrophobic

Question 13

Phospholipids in membranes

Answer 13

acts as barrier to most substances, helping control what enters/exits

Question 14

Cholesterol in cell membrane

Answer 14

1. controls membrane fluidity

2. Keeps membrane stable at normal body temp- without it cells would burst

Question 15

Proteins in cell membrane

Answer 15

1. makes up 45% mass of membrane (25-75% depending on cell type)

Question 16

Cells made up of Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 16

1. Animal
2. Plant
3. Fungi
4. Protista ( one-celled organism)