cell bio Flashcards
Glucose
Simple sugar and essential energy source for cells.
Ribose
A sugar present in RNA
Deoxyribose
A sugar present in DNA.
Starch
Storage form of energy in plants.
Glycogen
Storage form of energy in animals.
Cellulose
Structural polysaccharide in plant cell walls.
Chemically modified carbohydrates
Carbohydrates with altered chemical structures.
Glycoprotein
Protein with attached carbohydrate chains.
Conjugated molecules
Molecules with different types of chemical components.
Fats and oils
Lipids used for energy storage.
Glycerol
Building block of lipids.
Phospholipid
Lipid with a phosphate group, a key component of cell membranes.
Amphipathic molecule
Molecule with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
Complementary base pairing
Specific bonding between adenine (A) and thymine (T), and guanine (G) and cytosine (C) in DNA.
Progeria
A rare genetic disorder causing accelerated aging in children.
Lamin A gene
A gene associated with progeria, involved in the production of a protein important for maintaining cell structure.
Werner Syndrome
A genetic disorder leading to premature aging, associated with a mutation in the WRN gene
Free Radical Theory
aging is caused by the damage from reactive oxygen species (free radicals) generated during cellular processes.
Genetic Clock Theory (Telomere Theory)
Suggests that the aging process is linked to the shortening of telomeres, the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes.
Accumulative-waste Theory
aging results from the gradual buildup of cellular waste products that impair cellular function over time.
Acidification Theory
acidic products in cells and tissues contributes to the aging process.
