Cell Bio Flashcards
Describe what a cell is
Cells are the structural and functional unit of life, which are derived from pre-existing cells via mitosis or miosis
Describe the defining characteristics of a cell
Membrane that contains the cytoplasm, and organelles
Cytoplasm that contains the organelles and its contents
Organelles which provide function
Define what a prokaryotic cell is
A prokaryotic cell is the type of cell that all bacteria and archaea are formed of
they have no bound nucleus instead having a region of dna known as a nucleoid
Define what a eukaryotic cell is
Fungi, protists, plant and animal cells are all made up of eukaryotic cells
in opposition to the prokaryotic cell have a nucleus bound by membranes and posess many organelles
Describe why eukaryotic cells require organelles whereas prokaryotes dont
Prokaryotic cells are FAR smaller than eukaryote cells meaning that the eukaryotic cell suffers from LONG diffusion distances meaning slower reactions WITHOUT organelles
Describe the concept of a phospholipid bilayer present in many eukaryotic membranes
a set of two phospholipids opposing eachother with their hydrophillic heads pointing outside and the hydrophobic tails pointing inwards forming a membrane
Name the components of the cytoplasm and their purpose
Hint: 4 Things 2 Explanations
Cytoskeleton - provides a structural framework for the cell, serving as a scaffold that determines cell shape and the general organization of the cytoplasm
Cytosol - contains dissolved nutrients, helps break down waste products, and moves material around the cell
Organelles - depends on the function of the organelle e.g. ribosome is to produce proteins
Storage substances - duh
Other than phospholipids describe what else you may find within the bilayer
Glycoproteins
Carbohydrate
Cholesterol
Proteins
Describe the function of the major organelles
Ribosomes -> Protein synthesis
Golgi apparatus -> packaging & shipping
Mitochondria -> POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL!!!
Lysosomes -> digestive enzymes
