Cell Basics

Question 1

What is chromatin? Uno

Answer 1

Long strands of DNA that hold info for creation of proteins.

Question 2

Where are ribosomes created?

Answer 2

In the Nucleolis. They go to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 3

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 3

Make proteins through synthesis.

Question 4

What is protein made of?

Answer 4

Long chains of AMINO ACIDS

Question 5

What does the golgi body (also called golgi complex) do?

Answer 5

It processes and “packages” proteins and lipid (fat) molecules for use in other places inside and outside the cell.

Question 6

What organelle creates fats and breaks down toxins?

Answer 6

Smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

Question 7

What organelle packages proteins in a vesicle to release outside the cell?

Answer 7

The golgi body

Question 8

The first phase of cellular respiration is called what?

Answer 8

Glycolysis

Question 9

When a protein is broken down in the lysosome what does it break down into?

Answer 9

Amino acids

Question 10

What organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down materials in the cell?

Answer 10

The lysosome

Question 11

Which are longer - cilia or flagella?

Answer 11

Flagella are long

Question 12

What are the parts of an atom?

Answer 12

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 13

What is cell division (of somatic cells) called?

Answer 13

Mitosis

Question 14

What happens during prophase?

Answer 14

Chromosomes condense preparing to split.

Question 15

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 15

The chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate. The centrioles attach to the centromeres of each chromosome.

Question 16

What happens in Anaphase of mitosis?

Answer 16

The great split! The centrioles pull each chromatid.

Question 17

What happens during telephase? Mitosis only.

Answer 17

New nuclei form each with two complete sets of chromosomes. Cytokinesis divides cell into two daughter cells.

Question 18

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 18

The division of cytoplasm

Question 19

What is diploid versus haploid?

Answer 19

A diploid (di meaning 2) is a pair of homologous (same) chromosomes. A haploid is one single ho.

Question 20

How does synapsis play a role in reproduction?

Answer 20

Synapsis is the phenomenon in which homologous pairs line up next to one another (i.e. Father’s Chromosome 1 and Mother’s Chromosome 1)

Question 21

In mitosis you start with one cell and how many cells do you end up with?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

After meiosis ine cell turns into how many cells do you end up with?

Answer 22

4

Question 23

What is a zygote?

Answer 23

A diploid cell (having a complete set of choromosomes) resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.
It is still a single cell!

Question 24

Gametes have ____ the number of chromosomes as the original cell.

Half
Double
Triple

Answer 24

Half

Question 25

What is an autosome?

Answer 25

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

Question 26

What is a covenant bond?

Answer 26

A covalent bond is a chemical bond where the electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding.

Question 27

Long chains of monomers are called what?

Answer 27

Polymers!