Cell Basics Flashcards
What is chromatin? Uno
Long strands of DNA that hold info for creation of proteins.
Where are ribosomes created?
In the Nucleolis. They go to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
What do ribosomes do?
Make proteins through synthesis.
What is protein made of?
Long chains of AMINO ACIDS
What does the golgi body (also called golgi complex) do?
It processes and “packages” proteins and lipid (fat) molecules for use in other places inside and outside the cell.
What organelle creates fats and breaks down toxins?
Smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
What organelle packages proteins in a vesicle to release outside the cell?
The golgi body
The first phase of cellular respiration is called what?
Glycolysis
When a protein is broken down in the lysosome what does it break down into?
Amino acids
What organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down materials in the cell?
The lysosome
Which are longer - cilia or flagella?
Flagella are long
What are the parts of an atom?
Protons, neutrons and electrons
What is cell division (of somatic cells) called?
Mitosis
What happens during prophase?
Chromosomes condense preparing to split.
What happens during metaphase?
The chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate. The centrioles attach to the centromeres of each chromosome.
What happens in Anaphase of mitosis?
The great split! The centrioles pull each chromatid.
What happens during telephase? Mitosis only.
New nuclei form each with two complete sets of chromosomes. Cytokinesis divides cell into two daughter cells.
What is cytokinesis?
The division of cytoplasm
What is diploid versus haploid?
A diploid (di meaning 2) is a pair of homologous (same) chromosomes. A haploid is one single ho.
How does synapsis play a role in reproduction?
Synapsis is the phenomenon in which homologous pairs line up next to one another (i.e. Father’s Chromosome 1 and Mother’s Chromosome 1)
In mitosis you start with one cell and how many cells do you end up with?
2
After meiosis ine cell turns into how many cells do you end up with?
4
What is a zygote?
A diploid cell (having a complete set of choromosomes) resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.
It is still a single cell!
Gametes have ____ the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
Half
Double
Triple
Half
