cell as basic unit of life lesson 4

Question 1

what produces ATP in plants ?

Answer 1

chloroplasts

Question 2

what are the 2 types of cell organelles ?

Answer 2

membrane bound cell organelles : surrounded by membrane

non-membrane bounded cell organelles : no membrane around it

Question 3

describe the structure of the mitochondria ?

Answer 3

rod shaped

has 2 membranes : outer membrane (smooth ) and inner membrane which has a finger like structure called cristae

inside there are enzymes responsible for carrying out functions .

Question 4

what is the folded structure of membrane inside the mitochondria celled ?

Answer 4

cristae

Question 5

what is the mitochondrial matrix inside the mitochondrial cavity filled with ?

Answer 5

enzymes for krebs cycle, ATP synthesis , protein and fat synthesis , contains DNA , RNA and 70s ribosomes

Question 6

why do scientist believe that the mitochondria was once a bacteria ?

Answer 6

because the mitochondria contains its own enzymes , DNA, RNA , and 70s ribosomes

Question 7

What does semiautonomous cell organelles mean ?

Answer 7

organelles that can divide on their own because they have their own DNA and 70s ribosomes . plastids and mitochondria are examples of it

Question 8

where is mitochondrial DNA inherited from?

Answer 8

the mother ( all 37 genes of it)

Question 9

what structures help the cell synthesis , transport and secrete its product ?

Answer 9

nucleus , endoplasmic reticulum ,ribosomes , and golgi bodies .

Question 10

what are the flattened sacs /tubular structure of the endoplasmic reticulum called?

Answer 10

cisternae ( unbranched tubules and oval vesicle)

Question 11

what are the functions of ER?

Answer 11

protein formation and transportation

helps in the formation of nuclear membrane and Golgi complex

Question 12

what are the curved flattened plate like compartments of the Golgi body called?

Answer 12

cisternae (4-10)

Question 13

ER is not fixed

Answer 13

.

Question 14

what are the 2 faces of the Golgi body?

Answer 14

CIS face(facing endoplasmic reticulum) (forming ): vesicles enter cis face and then move to trans face 
trans face (mature ):

Question 15

what is the function of the Golgi body?

Answer 15

pack enzymes , proteins , carbohydrates etc in their vesicles

they also produce lysosomes

Question 16

what path do vesicles coming from the ER take when entering or leaving the Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

vesicles leaving the Golgi apparatus will enter the CIS face where they will be matured and packed by a membrane and then leave through the trans face.

Question 17

list and briefly explain all 4 types of lysosomes

Answer 17

1. ) primary lysosomes : newly made lysosomes from the Golgi apparatus .
2. )secondary lysosomes: made through the union of primary lysosomes and a phagosome .
3. ) residual lysosomes : secondary lysosomes left with undigested material
4. )autolysosomes :formed by the union of primary lysosomes and worn out cell organelles

Question 18

what happens to the left over material left in residual lysosomes ?

Answer 18

they get thrown out y exocytosis

Question 19

How is the lysosomal membrane special?

Answer 19

it contains stabilizers like cholesterol , cortisone , cortisol and vitamin E that prevent lysosome from digesting themselves

Question 20

what is the function of smooth ER?

Answer 20

important for lipid formation

Question 21

what are peroxysomes?

Answer 21

found in both plant and animal cells / they take part in photosynthesis in plants and they bring about fat metabolism in cells . they participate in oxydation of substrates resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide