Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease Flashcards
Abundant in liver and gonads; used for steroid hormone and lipoprotein synthesis
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p.6
Synthesizes new proteins for the plasma membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p.6
Modifies hydrophobic compounds into water-soluble molecules
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p.6
Are intracellular organelles that contain degradative enzymes that permit the digestion of a wide-range of macromolecules, including proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids
Lysosomes(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p.6
Organelles that break down fatty acids, generating hydrogen peroxide in the process
Peroxisomes(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p.6
Intracellular scaffolding that allows cells to adopt a particular shape and organization. Also maintains polarity.
Cytoskeleton(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p.10
Shuttles internalized material to the appropriate site. Also directs newly synthesized materials to the cell surface or targeted organelle.
Endosomal vesicles(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p.6
Production site of ATP and metabolic intermediates needed for anabolic metabolism
Mitochondria(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p.6
Contain important sensors of cell damage that can initiate and regulate the process of programmed cell death.
Mitochondria(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p.6
Water and carbon dioxide diffuse across the cell lipid bilayers through this TYPE OF DIFFUSION
Small, nonpolar molecules
hydrophobic molecules
polar molecules smaller than 75 daltons
Passive membrane diffusion(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p.9
The process by which large molecules are exported from cells.
Exocytosis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p.9
The movement of endocytosed vesicles between the apical and basolateral compartments of the cell, which is how large proteins are transferred across an epithelial barrier.
Transcytosis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p.9
Non-coated plasma membrane invagination (“little caves”) associated with cAMP, GPI-linked molecules, SRC-family kinases, and folate receptor.
Caveolae(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p.9
A fluid-phase process during which the plasma membrane invaginates and is pinched off to form a cytoplasmic vesicle.
Pinocytosis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p.9
Major uptake mechanism for macromolecules such as transferrin and LDL, which bind to receptors localized in clathrin-coated pits.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p.20
Most abundant cytosolic protein in cells.
Actin(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p. 11
They serve as connecting cables for “molecular motor” proteins that use ATP to move vesicles, organelles, or other molecules.
Microtubules(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p. 11
Cell junction that seal adjacent cells together, creating a barrier that restricts paracellular movement of ions and other molecules.
Occluding junctions (tight junctions)(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p. 11
Cell junctions that mechanically attach cells and their intracellular cytoskeletons to other cells or to extracellular matrix.
Anchoring junctions (desmosomes) (tight junctions)(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed. p. 11