Cell and nuclear division Flashcards
prophase: mitosis
nuclear membrane disappears and chromatin condenses into chromosomes (propane->fire evaporating and disappearing. wood->good heat)
anaphase: mitosis
chromosomes pull away and move to opposite parts of the cell (anna kirk)
telophase: mitosis
nuclei reforms and chromosomes->chromatin/decondenses (teletubbies are friends)
metaphase: mitosis
chromosomes align on the metaphase plate and attach to spindle fibers (middle)
chromatin
dna and protein (condensed during prophase)
spindle fibers
proteins that pull chromosomes apart
Meiosis l (reduction division)
primary oocyte undergoes meiosis 1 which makes a secondary oocyte and a polar body
Meiosis 2 (equational division
if there’s fertilization, secondary oocyte goes through meiosis 2. this makes mature egg and second polar body.
oocyte
female germ cell
polar body
a haploid cell
haploid (n) vs diploid cell (2n)
haploid is 23 chromosomes + non-homologous. diploid is 46 chromosomes and homologous
list out the different stages that happen in interphase of the cell cycle and when they happen
G1, S, and G2. happens in both mitosis and meiosis (meiosis repeats)
G1 stage
before dna replication, every chromosome is a single dna molecule
S phase
all dna is replicated in nucleus. identical dna chromatids are held together by cohesin loops
G2 stage
each chromosome consists 2 dna chromatids and the cell continues to grow
centromere
part of chromsome where sister chromaids link (middle part of homologous chromosomes)
telomere
dna sequence at the end of chromosme. helps protect damage (fragile box)
sister chromatids
identical copies of chromosomes
