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physiology chapter 2 > Cell and its fuction > Flashcards

Cell and its fuction Flashcards

1
Q

basic unit of the body, seen by the iight microscope

A

Cell

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2
Q

Separated from cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane

A

nucleus

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3
Q

Separated from cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane

A

nucleus

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4
Q

Is separated from the surrounding fluids by a cell membrane

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

different substance that make up the cell are collectively called

A

protoplasm

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6
Q

5 basic substance of protoplasm

A

water
electrolytes
protein
Lipids
carbohydrates

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7
Q

principle fluid medium of the cell and present in most cells

A

water

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8
Q

Takes place among dissolved chemicals or at the surfaces of the suspended particles or membra

A

Chemical Reaction

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9
Q

provides inorganic chemicals for cellular reactions, necessary for operation of some cellular control mechanisms

A

Ions

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10
Q

After water, most abundance substance in most cells, constitute 10 to 20% of the cell mass

A

Protein

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11
Q

Present in the cells mainly in the form of long filaments that are polymer of many individual protein molecules

A

Structural Protein

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12
Q

Prominent use of such intracellular filament to form

A

microtubules

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13
Q

found especially in the collagen and elastin fibers of connective tissue’ and in blood vessel walls, tendons, ligaments

A

Fibrillar Protein

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14
Q

entirely different type of protein usually composed of combinations of few molecules in tubular-globulin form

A

Functional Protein

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15
Q

Come into direct con with other substance in the cell fluid and catalyze specific intracellular chemical reaction

A

Enzyme

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16
Q

Several types of substance that are grouped together because of common property of being soluble in fat solvent

A

Lipids

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17
Q

2 important lipids, 2% of the Total cell mass

A

Phospholipids, cholesterol

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18
Q

What is the significance of phospholipids and Cholesterol?

A

mainly insoluble in water, use to form cell membrane and intrace membrane barrier

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19
Q

Triglycerides also called as

A

Neutral Fat

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20
Q

In fat cells, triglycerides often account for as much as how many percent

A

95% of the cell mass

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21
Q

have little structural functions in the cell except as part of glycoproteins molecules, play major role in nutrition of the cell

A

Carbohydrates

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22
Q

the average percentage of carbohydrates total mass

A

1%

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23
Q

Carbohydrates total mass in the liver

A

6%

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24
Q

small amount of carbohydrates is stored in the cell in the form of

A

glycogen

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25
Q

small amount of carbohydrates is stored in the cell in the form of

A

glycogen

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26
Q

contains highly organized physical structures in the cell

A

intracellular organelles

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27
Q

controls much of the fluidity of the membrane as well

A

Cholesterol

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28
Q

Two types of cell membrane protein

A

integral protein and peripheral protein

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29
Q

cell membrane protein that protrude all the way through the membrane

A

Integral Protein

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30
Q

cell membrane protein attached only to one surface of the membrane and do not penetrate all the way through

A

Peripheral Proteins

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31
Q

provides structural channels or (pores) through which water molecuand water soluble substance

A

Integral proteins

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32
Q

Act as carrier proteins for transporting substance that otherwise could not penetrate the lipid bilayer

A

Integral Proteins

33
Q

transport substances in the direction opposite to their electrochemical gradients for diffusion

A

Active Transport

34
Q

also serves as receptors for water soluble chemicals, such as peptone hormones

A

Integral membrane proteins

35
Q

Aft as second messenger in the cytoplasm

A

receptor and Proteins

36
Q

function entirely as enzyme or as controllers of transport of substance through the

A

cell membrane spores

37
Q

Membrane carbohydrates occur almost invariably in combination with proteins or lipids in form of

A

glycoproteins or glycolipids

38
Q

mainly carbohydrates substance bound to small protein cores

A

proteoglycans

39
Q

the entire outside surface of the celloften has a loose carbohydrates coat called

A

glycocalyx

40
Q

attached to the outer surface of the cell have several important functions

A

carbohydrates moieties

41
Q

filled with both minute and large dispersed particles and organelles

42
Q

clear fluid portion of the cytoplasm in which the particles are dispersed is called

43
Q

network of tubular and flat vesicular structures, interconnected with another, composed of lipid bilayer

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

44
Q

attached to the outer surface of many parts of ER are large number of minute granular particles

45
Q

Synthesize new protein molecules in the cells

46
Q

part of ER that has no attached ribosome, synthesis of lipid substance

A

Soft Endoplasmic Reticulum

47
Q

prominent im secretory cells where it is located on the side of the cell from which the secretory substance are extruded

A

Golgi Apparatus

48
Q

Transport vesicles

A

ER vesicles

49
Q

intracellular digestive systems allows cells to digest amd has 40 different hydrolase enzymes

50
Q

Formed by self replication, contain oxidase rather that hydrolases

A

Peroxisomes

51
Q

highly oxidizing substance and is used in association with catalase, another oxidase enzyme present in large quantities in peroxisomes

A

hydrogen peroxide

52
Q

one of the important functions of many cells is secretion of special chemical substance

A

secretory vesicles

53
Q

are secreted later through the outer cell membrane in to pancreatic duct and thence in to doudenum

A

Pro enzyme

54
Q

Power house of the cell, cell would be unable to extract enough energy from nutrients

A

mitochondria

55
Q

liberated energy is used to synthesize a high energy substance

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

56
Q

basic chemical of the nucleus that controls replication of the cells

57
Q

outer zone of cytoplasm

58
Q

Special type of stiff filament composed of polymerized tubilin molecules is used in all cells to construct strong tubular structures

A

microtubules

59
Q

Control center of the cell and contain large quantities of DNA

60
Q

genes first reproduce to give 2 identical sets of genes then splits by species process called

61
Q

genes first reproduce to give 2 identical sets of genes then splits by species process called

62
Q

genes first reproduce to give 2 identical sets of genes then splits by species process called

63
Q

genes first reproduce to give 2 identical sets of genes then splits by species process called

64
Q

nuclear membrane or also called as

A

nuclear envelope

65
Q

nuclei of most cell contains one or more highly staining structures

66
Q

essential life giving constituents of the small virues is

A

nucleic acid

67
Q

involves simple movements through membrane caused by random motion of the molecules of the substance

68
Q

actual carrying of a substance through the membrane by a physical protein structure that penetrates all the way trough membrane

A

Active Transport

69
Q

actual carrying of a substance through the membrane by a physical protein structure that penetrates all the way trough membrane

A

Active Transport

70
Q

actual carrying of a substance through the membrane by a physical protein structure that penetrates all the way trough membrane

A

Active Transport

71
Q

Very large particles enters the cell by specialized functions of the cell membrane

A

Endocytosis

72
Q

means ingestion of minutes particles that form vesicles of extra cellular fluids and particulate constituents inside cytoplasm

A

pinocytosis

73
Q

Ingestion of large particles, such as bacteria, whole cell, portions of cell degeneration

A

Phagocytosis

74
Q

receptors generally are concentrated in smal pits on the outer surface of the cell membrane

A

coated pits

75
Q

beneath this pits is a latticework of fibrillar protein called

76
Q

protein contractile filaments

A

Actin and myosin

77
Q

formed inside the cell cytoplasm which vesicular hydrolases begin hydrolyzing

A

digestive vesicles

78
Q

represent the indigestible substance

A

residual body

79
Q

excreted through the cell membrane by process called

A

exocytosis

physiology chapter 2 (1 decks)

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