CELL AND CELL THEORY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the smallest unit that can perform all life processes?

A

CELL

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2
Q

He was known as the “Father of Microscopy”
He discovered the animacules after observing a pond scum under the microscope.
He also discovered bacteria in 1676

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

He was known as the “English Father of Microscopy”
He wrote and published Michrographia
He was also the one who coined the term ‘Cell’ which means small rooms in Latin.

A

Robert Hooke

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4
Q

What did Robert Hooke observe that led him to coin the term ‘cell’?

A

Cork

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5
Q

He was a German botanist who discovered that all plants were made up of cells.

A

Matthias Schleiden

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6
Q

A German zoologist who concluded that all animals were made up of cells.

A

Theodore Schwann

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7
Q

A pathologist who discovered that all living cells just actually came from other existing cells.

A

Rudolph Virchow

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8
Q

What is in plant cell that is not found in an animal cell?

A

Plant cell has:

  1. cell wall
  2. chloroplast (photosynthesis)
  3. plasmodesmata ( spaces in between the cell wall)
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9
Q

What is in animal cell that is not found in a plant cell?

A

the presence of:

  1. centrioles
  2. lysosomes
  3. centrosomes
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10
Q

This facilitates the entry and exit of substances and is part of the endomembrane system despite being outside of the cell.

A

Plasma Membrane

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11
Q

When was Theodore Schwann born and when did he die?

A

Dec. 7, 1810 - Jan. 11, 1882

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12
Q

This is for the nutrient and messaging purposes which can be found in the nucleus, particularly in the nuclear envelope.

A

Nuclear pores

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13
Q

What are the theories under the Cell theory?

A
  1. All living things are made up of cells.
  2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
  3. Living cells arise from existing cells.
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14
Q

The no. of cells for PROKARYOTES is called?

A

Unicellular

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15
Q

The no. of cells for EUKARYOTES?

A

Multicellular

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16
Q

What is the presence of nucleus for Eukaryotes?

A

Nucleus

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17
Q

What is the presence of nucleus for Prokaryotes?

A

Nucleoid

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18
Q

What is the membrane structure for Prokaryotes?

A

Not membrane bound

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19
Q

What is the membrane structure for Eukaryotes?

A

Membrane bound

20
Q

What is the shape of chromosomes for Prokaryotes?

A

Circular chromosomes

21
Q

What is the shape of chromosomes for Eukaryotes?

A

Linear chromosomes

22
Q

What is the main difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

A

The presence of nucleus.

23
Q

This is the most prominent organelle, which directs the synthesis of ribosomes and protein.

A

Nucleus

24
Q

This cites the DNA replication and transcription. It directs the synthesis of ribosomes.

A

Nucleolus

25
Q

What do you call the outermost layer of the nucleus?

A

Nuclear envelope

26
Q

___ is the DNA and proteins that make up the chromosomes.

A

Chromatin

27
Q

These are the ‘separate’ pieces of DNA in a cell, made up of chromatin.

A

Chromosomes.

28
Q

These are identical pieces of DNA held together by a centromere and pulled apart during cell division?

A

(Sister) Chromatids

29
Q

This is responsible for the protein synthesis. This synthesizes the mRNA (the message from the nucleus) in order to create essential proteins for cells or neighboring cells via cellular transport.

A

Ribosomes

30
Q

This is known as the powerhouse of the cell (cellular respiration)

A

Mitchondria

31
Q

What term is referred to the inner folds of Mitochondria?

A

Cristae

32
Q

What term is used to refer the outer folds of Mitochondria?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

33
Q

Mitochondria is responsible for ? (cite 3)

A

oxidation, dehydration, and oxidative phosphorylation

34
Q

What happens during the biological oxidation of carbohydrates and proteins? Explain.

A

There is a large amount of energy released, which is then utilized by the Mitochondria to synthesize the energy rich compound known as ATP or the adenosine triphosphate.

35
Q

This breaks down the fatty acids and amino acids. This also help detoxify poison out from our body.

A

Peroxisomes

36
Q

During the oxidation reaction of Peroxisomes, what is released?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

37
Q

What do you call the digestive enzyme in the cell that is responsible for digesting excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, or engulfed viruses or bacteria?

A

Lysosomes

38
Q

This store, transport, or digest cells products and waste.

A

Vesicles (plasma membrane)

39
Q

This is a fluid-filled organelle that stores enzymes and metabolic waste.

A

Vacuole

40
Q

This is is a series of compartments that work together to package, label, and ship.

A

Endomembrane system

41
Q

Endomembrane system is made up of what?

A
  • endoplasmic reticulum

- golgi apparatus

42
Q

This is a series of connected flattened sacs which is part of the continuous membrane organelle within the cytoplams of eukaryotic cells that plays a central role in protein synthesis.

A

ROUGH Endoplasmic Reticulum

43
Q

Its main function is to create cellular products such as hormones and lipids.

A

SMOOTH Endoplasmic Reticulum

44
Q

Its main function is to process and bundle macromolecules like proteins and lipids as they synthesize within the cell.

A

Golgi apparatus

45
Q

This gives the cell its shape, offers support, and facilitates movement.

A

Cytoskeleton

46
Q

What are the three main components of the Cytoskeleton?

A
  • microfilaments
  • intermediate filaments
  • mictorubules