Cell and cell rep

Question 1

transport process in which solutes move from areas of lesser to greater concentration

Answer 1

Active transport

Question 2

Hair-like processes on the surface of the cell that propel materials across a surface

Answer 2

Cilia

Question 3

The gel-like substance surrounding the nucleus and filling the cell

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

carries the genetic info of a cell

Answer 4

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 5

A passive transport mechanism that involves the movement of particles from an area of higher to lower concentration

Answer 5

Diffusion

Question 6

Form of vesicular transport that brings substances into the cell

Answer 6

Endocytosis

Question 7

Form of vesicular transport that releases substances outside the cell

Answer 7

Exocytosis

Question 8

Transport process involving the diffusion of a substance through a channel protein

Answer 8

Facilitated diffusion

Question 9

Transport process in which water and dissolved particles are forced across a membrane

Answer 9

Filtration

Question 10

Prepares proteins and packages them for export to other parts of the body

Answer 10

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

pressure exerted by water

Answer 11

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 12

Pertains to a solution that contains a higher concentration of solutes

Answer 12

Hypotonic

Question 13

solution in which the concentration of solutes in the solution is the same as the concentration of solutes in the cell

Answer 13

Isotonic

Question 14

Folds of a cell membrane that greatly increase the surface area of a cell to facilitate absorption

Answer 14

Microvilli

Question 15

Organelle that converts organic compounds into ATP

Answer 15

Mitochondria

Question 16

Type of cell division in which the “mother” cells splits into two identical daughter cells

Answer 16

mitosis

Question 17

The cell’s “control center” that contains a complete set of 46 chromosomes

Answer 17

nucleus

Question 18

The structures within the cell that perform specific tasks in cellular metabolism

Answer 18

organelles

Question 19

A passive transport mechanism involving the diffusion of water from an area of greater concentration of water

Answer 19

osmosis

Question 20

Process in which large particles are trapped in the plasma membrane and brought into the cell

Answer 20

phagocytosis

Question 21

Process in which fluid and dissolved particles are trapped in the plasma membrane and brought into the cell

Answer 21

Pinocytosis

Question 22

The external boundary of the cell

Answer 22

Plasma membrane

Question 23

Large molecule consisting of many smaller molecules joined in sequence

Answer 23

Polymer

Question 24

Nucleotide that assists in protein synthesis

Answer 24

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 25

Granules of protein and RNA scattered throughout the cytoplasm; some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 25

Ribosomes

Question 26

size of a single cell

Answer 26

10-15 micrometers

Question 27

finest functions of cell

Answer 27

Cell metabolism and energy use, Synthesis of molecules, Communication, Reproduction and inheritance

Question 28

3 major portions of cell

Answer 28

plasma membrane / cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 29

lipid bilayer

Answer 29

separates the inside and outside of the cell and controls the flow of substances

Question 30

involved with the movement of substances through the cell membrane

Answer 30

membrane channels and carrier molecules

Question 31

are part of intercellular communication system that enables cell recognition

Answer 31

receptor molecules

Question 32

determine which moves in/ out

Answer 32

selective permeability

Question 33

basic functions of cell membrane

Answer 33

- a barrier that separates the internal and external structures - controls the flow of substances - external glycoproteins helps identify the cell to other cells - participates in intracellular signaling

Question 34

provides the avenue for most chemical reactions to occur

Answer 34

cytosol

Question 35

site of protein synthesis

Answer 35

ribosome

Question 36

where many ribosomes attached

Answer 36

rough endoplastic reticulum

Question 37

site of lipid synthesis; participates in detoxification

Answer 37

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 38

have a number of digestive enzymes that break down ingested material and worn out organelles

Answer 38

lysosomes

Question 39

are small, membrane-bound vesicles containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 39

peroximes

Question 40

by-product of fatty acid and amino acid breakdown

Answer 40

hydrogen peroxide

Question 41

(in mitochondrion) the folds of the inner membrane are called

Answer 41

cristae

Question 42

the fluid that fills the inside of the membrane is termed as

Answer 42

mitochondrial matrix

Question 43

is made of networks of protein elements; like tree baranches that holds organelles in place and aid them in changing shape

Answer 43

cytoskeleton

Question 44

are small protein strands that provide mechanical support and generate force for movement

Answer 44

microfilaments

Question 45

long, hollow protein tubes that determine shape and movement similar to the way bones shape your body

Answer 45

microtubules

Question 46

mini-tunnels that were stacked together by threes

Answer 46

centrioles

Question 47

whip like tail placing itself at the terminal end of a cell

Answer 47

flagella

Question 48

involves the diffusion of water down the concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 48

Osmosis

Question 49

is forced required to prevent the movement of water across a a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 49

Osmotic pressure

Question 50

is a carrier-mediated transport process that moves substances across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration of that substance.

Answer 50

facilitated diffusion

Question 51

is the process in which energy is used to move substances across a membrane against a concentration gradient,

Answer 51

active transport

Question 52

involves the active transport of one substance, such as Na+, across the cell membrane, establishing a concentration gradient.

Answer 52

Secondary active transport

Question 53

Interphase

Answer 53

- G1 growth phase - S dna is replicated - G2 growth phase

Question 54

interphase may take

Answer 54

20-22 hrs, followed by mitosis

Question 55

prophase

Answer 55

each chromosome consists of 2 chromatids joined at the centromere

Question 56

metaphase

Answer 56

chromosomes align at the center of the cell

Question 57

chromatids separate and migrate to opposite places

Answer 57

Anaphase

Question 58

Telophase

Answer 58

the two new nuclei assume their normal structure, and cell division is completed, producing two new daughter cells.

Question 59

result of mitosis

Answer 59

23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 60

gametes undergo a different process of cell division called

Answer 60

meiosis

Question 61

a starting cell undergoes two rounds of cell division to produce four cells

Answer 61

meiosis

Question 62

difference of meiosis to mitosis