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ANAPHY > Cell and cell rep > Flashcards

Cell and cell rep Flashcards

1
Q

transport process in which solutes move from areas of lesser to greater concentration

A

Active transport

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2
Q

Hair-like processes on the surface of the cell that propel materials across a surface

A

Cilia

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3
Q

The gel-like substance surrounding the nucleus and filling the cell

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

carries the genetic info of a cell

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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5
Q

A passive transport mechanism that involves the movement of particles from an area of higher to lower concentration

A

Diffusion

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6
Q

Form of vesicular transport that brings substances into the cell

A

Endocytosis

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7
Q

Form of vesicular transport that releases substances outside the cell

A

Exocytosis

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8
Q

Transport process involving the diffusion of a substance through a channel protein

A

Facilitated diffusion

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9
Q

Transport process in which water and dissolved particles are forced across a membrane

A

Filtration

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10
Q

Prepares proteins and packages them for export to other parts of the body

A

Golgi apparatus

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11
Q

pressure exerted by water

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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12
Q

Pertains to a solution that contains a higher concentration of solutes

A

Hypotonic

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13
Q

solution in which the concentration of solutes in the solution is the same as the concentration of solutes in the cell

A

Isotonic

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14
Q

Folds of a cell membrane that greatly increase the surface area of a cell to facilitate absorption

A

Microvilli

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15
Q

Organelle that converts organic compounds into ATP

A

Mitochondria

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16
Q

Type of cell division in which the “mother” cells splits into two identical daughter cells

A

mitosis

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17
Q

The cell’s “control center” that contains a complete set of 46 chromosomes

A

nucleus

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18
Q

The structures within the cell that perform specific tasks in cellular metabolism

A

organelles

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19
Q

A passive transport mechanism involving the diffusion of water from an area of greater concentration of water

A

osmosis

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20
Q

Process in which large particles are trapped in the plasma membrane and brought into the cell

A

phagocytosis

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21
Q

Process in which fluid and dissolved particles are trapped in the plasma membrane and brought into the cell

A

Pinocytosis

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22
Q

The external boundary of the cell

A

Plasma membrane

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23
Q

Large molecule consisting of many smaller molecules joined in sequence

A

Polymer

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24
Q

Nucleotide that assists in protein synthesis

A

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

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25
Q

Granules of protein and RNA scattered throughout the cytoplasm; some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ribosomes

26
Q

size of a single cell

A

10-15 micrometers

27
Q

finest functions of cell

A

Cell metabolism and energy use, Synthesis of molecules, Communication, Reproduction and inheritance

28
Q

3 major portions of cell

A

plasma membrane / cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

29
Q

lipid bilayer

A

separates the inside and outside of the cell and controls the flow of substances

30
Q

involved with the movement of substances through the cell membrane

A

membrane channels and carrier molecules

31
Q

are part of intercellular communication system that enables cell recognition

A

receptor molecules

32
Q

determine which moves in/ out

A

selective permeability

33
Q

basic functions of cell membrane

A
  • a barrier that separates the internal and external structures
  • controls the flow of substances
  • external glycoproteins helps identify the cell to other cells
  • participates in intracellular signaling
34
Q

provides the avenue for most chemical reactions to occur

A

cytosol

35
Q

site of protein synthesis

A

ribosome

36
Q

where many ribosomes attached

A

rough endoplastic reticulum

37
Q

site of lipid synthesis; participates in detoxification

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

38
Q

have a number of digestive enzymes that break down ingested material and worn out organelles

A

lysosomes

39
Q

are small, membrane-bound vesicles containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide.

A

peroximes

40
Q

by-product of fatty acid and amino acid breakdown

A

hydrogen peroxide

41
Q

(in mitochondrion) the folds of the inner membrane are called

A

cristae

42
Q

the fluid that fills the inside of the membrane is termed as

A

mitochondrial matrix

43
Q

is made of networks of protein elements; like tree baranches that holds organelles in place and aid them in changing shape

A

cytoskeleton

44
Q

are small protein strands that provide mechanical support and generate force for movement

A

microfilaments

45
Q

long, hollow protein tubes that determine shape and movement similar to the way bones shape your body

A

microtubules

46
Q

mini-tunnels that were stacked together by threes

A

centrioles

47
Q

whip like tail placing itself at the terminal end of a cell

A

flagella

48
Q

involves the diffusion of water down the concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

49
Q

is forced required to prevent the movement of water across a a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmotic pressure

50
Q

is a carrier-mediated
transport process that moves substances
across the cell membrane from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration of that substance.

A

facilitated diffusion

51
Q

is the process in which energy is used to move substances across a membrane against a concentration gradient,

A

active transport

52
Q

involves the
active transport of one substance, such as Na+, across the cell membrane, establishing a concentration gradient.

A

Secondary active transport

53
Q

Interphase

A
  • G1 growth phase
  • S dna is replicated
  • G2 growth phase
54
Q

interphase may take

A

20-22 hrs, followed by mitosis

55
Q

prophase

A

each chromosome consists of 2 chromatids joined at the centromere

56
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes align at the center of the cell

57
Q

chromatids separate and migrate to opposite places

A

Anaphase

58
Q

Telophase

A

the two new nuclei assume their normal structure, and cell division is completed, producing two new daughter cells.

59
Q

result of mitosis

A

23 pairs of chromosomes

60
Q

gametes undergo a different process of cell division called

A

meiosis

61
Q

a starting cell undergoes two rounds of cell division to produce four cells

A

meiosis

62
Q

difference of meiosis to mitosis

A

ANAPHY (2 decks)

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