Cell Anatomy

Question 1

What does nucleus contain? 2 Things

Answer 1

Nuclei Acids (RNA & DNA), Proteins (Enzymes & Histones

Question 2

Nucleic Acids are polymers of what?

Answer 2

Nucleotides

Question 3

Nucleotides consist of what 3 parts?

Answer 3

Phosphate, Sugar, and Base

Question 4

What two nucleic acid bases are purines?

Answer 4

Adenine and Guanine (PURe As Gold)

Question 5

What are the two types of nucleic acid bases?

Answer 5

Purines and Pyrimidines

Question 6

Which two important DNA processes take place in the Nucleus?

Answer 6

Replication & Transcription

Question 7

Translation takes place where?

Answer 7

Cytoplasm

Question 8

What is it called when DNA are with Proteins?

Answer 8

Chromatin

Question 9

When DNA is wrapped around 8 histones it is called what?

Answer 9

Nucleosome

Question 10

The lightly shaded area around the nucleolus is what?

Answer 10

Euchromatin (Transcriptionally Active)

Question 11

The dark shaded area around the nucleolus is what?

Answer 11

Heterochromatin (Transcriptionally Inactive)

Question 12

The functional section of a chromosome are called what?

Answer 12

Genes

Question 13

Karyotyping is the picture of what in a cell?

Answer 13

Chromosomes

Question 14

What makes the rough ER “rough”?

Answer 14

Ribosomes attached to the membrane

Question 15

Which ER is responsible for detoxifying drugs, Smooth or Rough?

Answer 15

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 16

Which ER is responsible for the synthesis of membrane and secretory proteins, Smooth or Rough?

Answer 16

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 17

Which ER is responsible for the synthesis of steroids and lipids?

Answer 17

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 18

Which ER is rich in hepatocytes, adrenal cortical & gonadal cells?

Answer 18

Smooth ER, remember SER is responsible for synthesis of steroids and detoxification so this makes sense.

Question 19

For which destination are proteins tagged ny the phosphorylation of mannose inside the Golgi complex

Answer 19

Lysosome destination

Question 20

What is this?

Answer 20

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 21

What is this?

Answer 21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 22

What is this?

Answer 22

Golgi Complex

Question 23

What are these?

Answer 23

Mitochondria

Question 24

The Cytoskeleton is made up of microfilaments which are made up of _______ globules.

Answer 24

Actin globules

Question 25

Microtubules are made up of _______.

Answer 25

Tubulins

Question 26

Explain Axonal Trafficking

Answer 26

When microtubules facilitate transport inside the cell

Question 27

Dynein attaches to the microtubules to help in transportation in which direction?

Answer 27

Retrograde, toward the cell body.

Question 28

Kinesin attaches to the microtubules to help in transportation in which direction?

Answer 28

Anterograde, away from the cell body.

Question 29

What is this?

Answer 29

Microtubule

Question 30

Which is longer microvilli or cilia?

Answer 30

Cilia

Question 31

Which is shorter microvilli or cilia?

Answer 31

Microvilli

Question 32

Which is made of microfilaments, microvilli or cilia?

Answer 32

Microvilli

Question 33

Which is made of microtubules, microvilli or cilia?

Answer 33

Cilia

Question 34

Which type of specialized cell contact connects the base of the cell to the basement membrane?

Answer 34

Hemidesmosomes

Question 35

Provides structural integrity for the cell

Answer 35

Desmosomes

Question 36

Which junction prevents diffusion of molecules between cells?

Answer 36

Tight Junctions

Question 37

What are the arrows pointing at?

Answer 37

Hemidesmosomes

Question 38

What is this an image of?

Answer 38

A tight junction between two cells

Question 39

What are the four main types of tissue?

Answer 39

1) Connective 2) Epithelial 3) Muscular 4) Nervous

Question 40

Eosin and Haematoxylin are commonly used stains for which type of tissue?

Answer 40

Epithelial Tissue

Question 41

What color stain does Eosin produce?

Answer 41

Pink

Question 42

What color stain does Haematoxylin produce?

Answer 42

Blue

Question 43

What are the two types of stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

Answer 43

Keratinized and Non-keratinized

Question 44

The endothelium of blood vessels are composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

Answer 44

Simple Squamous

Question 45

Alveoli of lungs are composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

Answer 45

Simple Squamous

Question 46

The glomerular capsule is composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

Answer 46

Simple Squamous

Question 47

The small and large intestine are composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

Answer 47

Simple Columnar

Question 48

The stomach is composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

Answer 48

Simple Columnar

Question 49

Respiratory and Reproductive tracts are composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

Answer 49

Simple Columnar

Question 50

The ovaries are composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

Answer 50

Simple Cuboidal

Question 51

Glands are composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

Answer 51

Simple Cuboidal

Question 52

Kidney Tubules are composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

Answer 52

Simple Cuboidal

Question 53

This image is of which type of ganglion?

Answer 53

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Question 54

What is the function of Nissl Bodies?

Answer 54

The functions of Nissl bodies are thought to be the same as those of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in general, primarily the synthesis and segregation of proteins. Similar to the ergastoplasm of glandular cells, Nissl bodies are the main site of protein synthesis in the neuronal cytoplasm.

Question 55

What is the difference between hyaline and articular cartilage?

Answer 55

Articular cartilage doesn't have a superficial perichomdrium

Question 56

Fact Card: Superficial abrasions of the skin heal by a process of regeneration. Regeneration involves epithelial cell proliferation and migration. In brief, maturation of the epidermis requires an intact layer of basal stem cells that are in direct contact with one another. If this contact is disrupted, basal cells at the margin of the wound become activated. They proliferate and close the wound through cell migration. When epithelial continuity is reestablished, cell migration and cell division cease, and normal epidermal maturation resumes. This mechanism of epithelial growth regulation is referred to as "contact inhibition of growth and motility." The epidermal basement membrane provides a crucial "road map" that guides basal stem cells during regeneration of the epithelium. The other choices describe responses to deep wounds that involve the formation of granulation tissue.

Question 57

The Pericardium, Pluera, and Peritoneum are composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

Answer 57

Simple Squamous

Question 58

What type of epithelium is this?

Answer 58

Transitional Epithelium, the roundish epithelium on top, and columnar epithelium on the bottom

Question 59

The ureter, renal pelvis, and bladder are the location of which type of epithelium?

Answer 59

Transitional Epithelium

Question 60

What type of epithelium is in the image?

Answer 60

Simple Columnar Epithelium in the stomach

Question 61

What type of epithelium is in the image?

Answer 61

Simple Squamous Epithelium in the alveoli of lungs.

Question 62

Where in the body is this?

Answer 62

Stomach

Question 63

Where in the body is this?

Answer 63

Alveoli of lungs.

Question 64

What type of epithelium is in the image?

Answer 64

Pseudostratified Epithelium

Question 65

What type of epithelium is in the image?

Answer 65

Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium because you can see the

Question 66

What type of epithelium is in the image?

Answer 66

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium in a gland.

Question 67

Answer 67

Transitional Epithelium based on location

Question 68

Connective tissue can be divided into what two categories?

Answer 68

Intrinsic components and Migrant Cells

Question 69

What cell generates the fibers found within the interstitium fluid such as collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers?

Answer 69

Fibroblast

Question 70

Matrix/Ground substance within connective tissue is rich in what?

Answer 70

Proteoglycans (Proteins + Carbohydrates)

Question 71

What are proteoglycans composed of

Answer 71

A Protein and Carbohydrate

Question 72

What contains actin and myosin, and plays a key role in tissue repair/scar contraction?

Answer 72

Myofibroblasts

Question 73

What is this an image of?

Answer 73

Collagen Fibers

Question 74

Elastic Fibers are surrounded by what?

Answer 74

Fibrillin

Question 75

Elastic Fibers are digested by which enzyme?

Answer 75

Elastase

Question 76

The central core of elastic fibers is made of what?

Answer 76

Elastin

Question 77

Marfan syndrome is a defect in which component of elastic fibers?

Answer 77

Fibrillin

Question 78

Ehlers Danlos syndrome is a defect in the production of what?

Answer 78

Collagen Fibers

Question 79

In muscle tissue, actin interacts with ________ to produce a muscle contraction.

Answer 79

Myosin

Question 80

What muscle fiber component is represented by Number 1?

Answer 80

Epimysium

Question 81

What muscle fiber component is represented by Number 2?

Answer 81

Perimysium

Question 82

What muscle fiber component is represented by Number 3?

Answer 82

Endomysium

Question 83

What is the primary role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 83

Stores Calcium