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Week 2 AnaPhy > Cell Anatomy > Flashcards

Cell Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Basic unit of living organism

A

Cell

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2
Q

Cells are organized into 3 main regions

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane

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3
Q

Control center of the cell

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

Contains genetic material (DNA)

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

3 regions of the Nucleus

A

Nuclear Membrane
Nucleolus
Chromatin

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6
Q

Barrier of the nucleus

A

Nuclear Membrane

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7
Q

Contains Double Phospholipid Membrane and Nuclear Pores

A

Nuclear Membrane

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8
Q

Sites of ribosome production

A

Nucleolus/Nucleoli

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9
Q

Composed of DNA and protein

A

Chromatin

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10
Q

Scattered throughout the nucleus

A

Chromatin

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11
Q

Condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides

A

Chromatin

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12
Q

Barrier for the cell contents

A

Plasma Membrane

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13
Q

Contains Hydrophilic heads and Hydrophobic tails

A

Double Phospholipid layer

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14
Q

Other materials in plasma membrane

A

Protein
Cholesterol
Glycoproteins

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15
Q

Specializations in the Plasma Membrane

A

Membrane Junctions

Cellular Projections

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16
Q

Membrane Junctions in the Plasma Membrane

A

Tight Junctions
Desmosomes
Gap Junctions

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17
Q

Cellular Projections in the Plasma Membrane

A

Microvilli
Cilia
Flagella

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18
Q

Finger-like projections

A

Microvilli

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19
Q

Increase surface area for more efficient absorption

A

Microvilli

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20
Q

Hairlike organelles

A

Cilia

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21
Q

Propel materials along a cell’s surface

A

Cilia

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22
Q

Long, single, hairlike organelles

A

Flagella

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23
Q

Material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane

A

Cytoplasm

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24
Q

Fluid that suspends other elements

A

Cytosol

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25
Q

Metabolic machinery of the cell

A

Organelles

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26
Q

Network of membranous tubes and canals winding through the interior of the cell

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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27
Q

Two types of ER

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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28
Q

Tiny bodies (20 x 30 nm)

A

Ribosomes

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29
Q

Made of protein and RNA

A

Ribosomes

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30
Q

Sites of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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31
Q

Ribosomes are found at 2 locations

A

Free in the cytoplasm

Attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum

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32
Q

Stack of flattened sacs

A

Golgi Apparatus

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33
Q

Produces different types of packages

A

Golgi Apparatus

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34
Q

Packages produced by Golgi Apparatus

A

Secretory vesicles
Cell membrane components
Lysosomes

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35
Q

Spherical

A

Lysosomes

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36
Q

Diameter: 0.05 to 0.5 µm

A

Lysosomes

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37
Q

Uniformly granular

A

Lysosomes

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38
Q

Contain digestive enzymes that digest foreign particles and worn or no longer needed cell parts within the cell

A

Lysosomes

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39
Q

Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes

A

Peroxisomes

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40
Q

Functions of Peroxisomes

A

Detoxify harmful substances

Break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals)

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41
Q

Elongated

A

Mitochondria

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42
Q

Outer membrane forms a round or oblong capsule with smooth contour

A

Mitochondria

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43
Q

Contains the folds of the mitochondria

A

Inner membrane of the Mitochondria

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44
Q

Folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria

A

Cristae

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45
Q

Cytoskeleton have 3 different types

A

Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

46
Q

Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules

A

Centrioles

47
Q

Comprised of nine triplet microtubules

A

Centrioles

48
Q

Determine the form and functions of the

human body

A

Cells

49
Q

Complex living structures

A

Cells

50
Q

Highly organized units

A

Cells

51
Q

Functions of the Cell

A

Cell metabolism and energy use
Synthesis of molecules
Communication
Reproduction and inheritance

52
Q

Chemical reactions that occur within cells

A

Metabolism

53
Q

The energy is used for cell

activities

A

Metabolism

54
Q

Types of molecules being synthesize

A

Protein
Nucleic Acids
Lipids

55
Q

Cells produce and receive chemical and electrical signals that allow them to communicate with one another

A

Communication

56
Q

Each cell contains a copy of DNA

A

Reproduction and inheritance

57
Q

Transmit genetic information to the next generation

A

Sperm and Oocytes

58
Q

Large organelle usually located near the center of the cell

A

Nucleus

59
Q

Narrow spaces between the outer and inner membranes

A

Double Phospholipid Membrane

60
Q

Formed by the coming together of the outer and inner membranes

A

Nuclear Membrane

61
Q

Where materials can pass into or out of the nucleus

A

Nuclear Membrane

62
Q

Loosely coiled

A

Chromatin

63
Q

Made from Phospholipids and proteins

A

Plasma/Cell Membrane

64
Q

Plays a role in communication between

cells

A

Plasma/Cell Membrane

65
Q

Outside the cell

A

Extracellular Substances

66
Q

Inside the cell

A

Intracellular Substances

67
Q

Model of the Plasma Membrane

A

Fluid-mosaic Model

68
Q

Polar, Phosphate-containing ends, and Water loving

A

Hydrophilic heads

69
Q

Face the extracellular and intracellular fluids of the cell

A

Hydrophilic heads

70
Q

Nonpolar, Fatty acid ends, Water fearing

A

Hydrophobic tails

71
Q

Face away from the field on either side of the membrane

A

Hydrophobic tails

72
Q

Other materials in plasma membrane

A

Protein

73
Q

“Float” among the phospholipid molecules and, in some cases, extend from the inner to the outer surface of the cell membrane

A

Protein
Cholesterol
Glycoproteins
Carbohydrates

74
Q

Gives added strength and stability by limiting the amount of movement of phospholipids

A

Cholesterol

75
Q

May be bound to some protein molecules, modifying their functions

A

Carbohydrates

76
Q

Carbohydrates in the Plasma Membrane

A

Membrane Channels and Carrier Molecules

Receptor Molecules

77
Q

Involved with the movement of substances through the cell membrane

A

Membrane Channels and Carrier Molecules

78
Q

Part of an intracellular communication system that enables cell recognition and coordination of the activities of cells

A

Receptor Molecules

79
Q

Specialized extensions of the cell membrane that are supported by microfilaments

A

Microvilli

80
Q

Do not actively move as cilia and flagella do

A

Microvilli

81
Q

Cylindrical structures that extend from the cell

A

Cilia

82
Q

Composed of microtubules organized in a pattern similar to that of centrioles

A

Cilia

83
Q

Have a similar structure to cilia but are much longer

A

Flagella

84
Q

Specialized structures that perform specific functions

A

Organelles

85
Q

Non-functioning units

A

Inclusions

86
Q

Has ribosomes attached to it

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

87
Q

Large amount of Rough ER in a cell indicates that

it is synthesizing large amounts of protein for export from the cell.

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

88
Q

Has no ribosomes

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

89
Q

Site for lipid synthesis

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

90
Q

Participates in detoxification of chemicals within the cell

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

91
Q

Not attached to any other organelles

A

Free Ribosomes

92
Q

Collects, modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids manufactured by the Er

A

Golgi Apparatus

93
Q

Small, membrane-bound sac that transports or stores

materials within cells

A

Vesicles

94
Q

Pinch off from the Golgi apparatus and move to the cell membrane

A

Vesicles

95
Q

Membrane-bound vesicles formed from the Golgi apparatus

A

Lysosomes

96
Q

Contain a variety of enzymes that function as intracellular digestive systems.

A

Lysosomes

97
Q

Major sites of ATP production within cells

A

Mitochondria

98
Q

Main energy source for most chemical reactions within the cell

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

99
Q

Material within the inner membrane of Mitochondria

A

Mitochondrial Matrix
Enzymes
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

100
Q

Small formed from protein subunits that structurally

support the cytoplasm, determining cell shape

A

Microfilaments

101
Q

Involved with cell movement

A

Microfilaments

102
Q

Fibrils formed from protein subunits that are smaller in

diameter than microtubules but larger in diameter than microfilaments

A

Intermediate filaments

103
Q

Provide mechanical support

A

Intermediate filaments

104
Q

Hollow structures formed from protein subunits

A

Microtubules

105
Q

Microtubules performs variety of roles

A

Helping to support the cytoplasm cells
Assisting in cell division
Forming essential components of certain organelles

106
Q

Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules

A

Centrioles

107
Q

Is comprised of nine triplet microtubules

A

Centrioles

108
Q

Small, cylindrical organelle

A

Centrioles

109
Q

Specialized area of cytoplasm close to the nucleus where microtubule formation occurs.

A

Centrosome

110
Q

Consists of 2 centrioles

A

Centrosome

Week 2 AnaPhy (3 decks)

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