Cell Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Basic unit of living organism
A
Cell
2
Q
Cells are organized into 3 main regions
A
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane
3
Q
Control center of the cell
A
Nucleus
4
Q
Contains genetic material (DNA)
A
Nucleus
5
Q
3 regions of the Nucleus
A
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleolus
Chromatin
6
Q
Barrier of the nucleus
A
Nuclear Membrane
7
Q
Contains Double Phospholipid Membrane and Nuclear Pores
A
Nuclear Membrane
8
Q
Sites of ribosome production
A
Nucleolus/Nucleoli
9
Q
Composed of DNA and protein
A
Chromatin
10
Q
Scattered throughout the nucleus
A
Chromatin
11
Q
Condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides
A
Chromatin
12
Q
Barrier for the cell contents
A
Plasma Membrane
13
Q
Contains Hydrophilic heads and Hydrophobic tails
A
Double Phospholipid layer
14
Q
Other materials in plasma membrane
A
Protein
Cholesterol
Glycoproteins
15
Q
Specializations in the Plasma Membrane
A
Membrane Junctions
Cellular Projections
16
Q
Membrane Junctions in the Plasma Membrane
A
Tight Junctions
Desmosomes
Gap Junctions
17
Q
Cellular Projections in the Plasma Membrane
A
Microvilli
Cilia
Flagella
18
Q
Finger-like projections
A
Microvilli
19
Q
Increase surface area for more efficient absorption
A
Microvilli
20
Q
Hairlike organelles
A
Cilia
21
Q
Propel materials along a cell’s surface
A
Cilia
22
Q
Long, single, hairlike organelles
A
Flagella
23
Q
Material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane
A
Cytoplasm
24
Q
Fluid that suspends other elements
A
Cytosol
25
Metabolic machinery of the cell
Organelles
26
Network of membranous tubes and canals winding through the interior of the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
27
Two types of ER
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
28
Tiny bodies (20 x 30 nm)
Ribosomes
29
Made of protein and RNA
Ribosomes
30
Sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
31
Ribosomes are found at 2 locations
Free in the cytoplasm
| Attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum
32
Stack of flattened sacs
Golgi Apparatus
33
Produces different types of packages
Golgi Apparatus
34
Packages produced by Golgi Apparatus
Secretory vesicles
Cell membrane components
Lysosomes
35
Spherical
Lysosomes
36
Diameter: 0.05 to 0.5 µm
Lysosomes
37
Uniformly granular
Lysosomes
38
Contain digestive enzymes that digest foreign particles and worn or no longer needed cell parts within the cell
Lysosomes
39
Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes
Peroxisomes
40
Functions of Peroxisomes
Detoxify harmful substances
| Break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals)
41
Elongated
Mitochondria
42
Outer membrane forms a round or oblong capsule with smooth contour
Mitochondria
43
Contains the folds of the mitochondria
Inner membrane of the Mitochondria
44
Folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria
Cristae
45
Cytoskeleton have 3 different types
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
46
Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules
Centrioles
47
Comprised of nine triplet microtubules
Centrioles
48
Determine the form and functions of the
| human body
Cells
49
Complex living structures
Cells
50
Highly organized units
Cells
51
Functions of the Cell
Cell metabolism and energy use
Synthesis of molecules
Communication
Reproduction and inheritance
52
Chemical reactions that occur within cells
Metabolism
53
The energy is used for cell
| activities
Metabolism
54
Types of molecules being synthesize
Protein
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
55
Cells produce and receive chemical and electrical signals that allow them to communicate with one another
Communication
56
Each cell contains a copy of DNA
Reproduction and inheritance
57
Transmit genetic information to the next generation
Sperm and Oocytes
58
Large organelle usually located near the center of the cell
Nucleus
59
Narrow spaces between the outer and inner membranes
Double Phospholipid Membrane
60
Formed by the coming together of the outer and inner membranes
Nuclear Membrane
61
Where materials can pass into or out of the nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
62
Loosely coiled
Chromatin
63
Made from Phospholipids and proteins
Plasma/Cell Membrane
64
Plays a role in communication between
| cells
Plasma/Cell Membrane
65
Outside the cell
Extracellular Substances
66
Inside the cell
Intracellular Substances
67
Model of the Plasma Membrane
Fluid-mosaic Model
68
Polar, Phosphate-containing ends, and Water loving
Hydrophilic heads
69
Face the extracellular and intracellular fluids of the cell
Hydrophilic heads
70
Nonpolar, Fatty acid ends, Water fearing
Hydrophobic tails
71
Face away from the field on either side of the membrane
Hydrophobic tails
72
Other materials in plasma membrane
Protein
73
“Float” among the phospholipid molecules and, in some cases, extend from the inner to the outer surface of the cell membrane
Protein
Cholesterol
Glycoproteins
Carbohydrates
74
Gives added strength and stability by limiting the amount of movement of phospholipids
Cholesterol
75
May be bound to some protein molecules, modifying their functions
Carbohydrates
76
Carbohydrates in the Plasma Membrane
Membrane Channels and Carrier Molecules
| Receptor Molecules
77
Involved with the movement of substances through the cell membrane
Membrane Channels and Carrier Molecules
78
Part of an intracellular communication system that enables cell recognition and coordination of the activities of cells
Receptor Molecules
79
Specialized extensions of the cell membrane that are supported by microfilaments
Microvilli
80
Do not actively move as cilia and flagella do
Microvilli
81
Cylindrical structures that extend from the cell
Cilia
82
Composed of microtubules organized in a pattern similar to that of centrioles
Cilia
83
Have a similar structure to cilia but are much longer
Flagella
84
Specialized structures that perform specific functions
Organelles
85
Non-functioning units
Inclusions
86
Has ribosomes attached to it
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
87
Large amount of Rough ER in a cell indicates that
| it is synthesizing large amounts of protein for export from the cell.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
88
Has no ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
89
Site for lipid synthesis
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
90
Participates in detoxification of chemicals within the cell
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
91
Not attached to any other organelles
Free Ribosomes
92
Collects, modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids manufactured by the Er
Golgi Apparatus
93
Small, membrane-bound sac that transports or stores
| materials within cells
Vesicles
94
Pinch off from the Golgi apparatus and move to the cell membrane
Vesicles
95
Membrane-bound vesicles formed from the Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
96
Contain a variety of enzymes that function as intracellular digestive systems.
Lysosomes
97
Major sites of ATP production within cells
Mitochondria
98
Main energy source for most chemical reactions within the cell
Adenosine Triphosphate
99
Material within the inner membrane of Mitochondria
Mitochondrial Matrix
Enzymes
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
100
Small formed from protein subunits that structurally
| support the cytoplasm, determining cell shape
Microfilaments
101
Involved with cell movement
Microfilaments
102
Fibrils formed from protein subunits that are smaller in
| diameter than microtubules but larger in diameter than microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
103
Provide mechanical support
Intermediate filaments
104
Hollow structures formed from protein subunits
Microtubules
105
Microtubules performs variety of roles
Helping to support the cytoplasm cells
Assisting in cell division
Forming essential components of certain organelles
106
Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules
Centrioles
107
Is comprised of nine triplet microtubules
Centrioles
108
Small, cylindrical organelle
Centrioles
109
Specialized area of cytoplasm close to the nucleus where microtubule formation occurs.
Centrosome
110
Consists of 2 centrioles
Centrosome
