Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cellular Biology and Biochemistry > Cell Adhesion I - Keeping cells together > Flashcards

Cell Adhesion I - Keeping cells together Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the main stress bearing component of epithelial tissue?

A

Cell cytoskeletons

Cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the main stress bearing component of connective tissue?

A

Extracellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

Tissue that lines body surfaces, cavities and tubes

Supported by an underlying basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of junctions are contained within epithelial tissue?

A

Desomsomes

Hemidesomosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is epithelial tissue classified?

A
  1. Number of cell layers - Simple, Pseudostratefied, stratified
  2. Cell shape - Squamous, Cuboidal, columnar
  3. Presence of surface specialisations - Keratinisation, microvilli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the distinguishing features of epithelial cells?

A

Apical surface is free
Basal surface is attached to BM
Lateral surfaces adhere to neighbouring cells
Polarised morphology
Presence of specialised cell-cell junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the various cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions?

A

Tight junctions - Boundary between apical and basal domain

Cell-cell:
Adherens junctions
Desmosomes

Cell-matrix:
Hemidesmosomes
Focal adhesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do cell-cell junctions do?

A

Rivet cells together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do cell-matrix junctions do?

A

Rivet the cells to the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions important for?

A

Maintaining tissue integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the components of the cytoskeleton?

A

Actin microfilaments - cell migration

Microtubules - Cell division

Intermediate filaments - maintaining tissue integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 major types of intermediate proteins and what cell types are they found on?

A

Keratin - Epithelial cells

Vimentin - Mesenchymal cells

Desmin - Myocardial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are keratin intermediate filaments?

A

Assemble into heterodimers of type 1 (acidic) and type 2 (basic) keratins

Keratin IFs associate with desmosomes in epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the structure of the skin?

A

Epidermis - stratified keratinised epithelium

Dermis - dense fibroelastic connective tissue

Hypodermis - Loose fibro-fatty connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some epidermal appendages?

A

Hair follicles
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A 
4 layers:
Stratum corneum
Granular
Spinus
Basal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the cell types found in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes (>90%)
Mealnocytes
Langerhans cells

18
Q

What is the purpose of the epidermis?

A

Prevents microbial invasion and loss of water (barrier function)

Essential for survival

19
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

Mediate cell-cell adhesion

Anchor keratin intermediate filaments into the membrane

20
Q

What are desmosomes made up of?

A

Desmocollins & Desmogleins - Membrane spanning proteins

Plakoglobin & Plakophilin - Cytoplasmic proteins

Desmophakin - links structure to cytoskeleton

21
Q

What are the desmosomal cadherin families?

A

Desmocollins - DSC1, DSC2, DSC3

Desmogleins - DSG1, DSG2, DSG3, DSG4

(all 7 act in the epidermis)

22
Q

What desmosomal cadherin family act in the upper layers of the epidermis?

A

DSC1 and DSG1

23
Q

What desmosomal cadherin family act in the lower layers of the epidermis?

A

DSG3 and DSC3

24
Q

What is pemphigus?

A

An autoimmune (acquired) blistering disease caused by defective cell-cell adhesion

25
Q

What are the 2 types of pemphigus?

A

Pemphigus foliaceus

Pemphigus Vulgaris

26
Q

What is Pemphigus foliaceus?

A

Autoantibodies targeting DSG1 (upper epidermis) causing blistering in the upper epidermis.

Good prognosis

27
Q

What is Pemphigus Vulgaris?

A

Autoantibodies target DSG3 (lower epidermis)
Blistering in lower epidermis
epidermis is severely compromised
poor prognosis
Almost always fatal if untreated due to fluid loss and infection

28
Q

Where are hemisdesmosomes found?

A

Mediate cell-matrix adhesion

found at the basal surface of the basal layer cells

29
Q

What do hemidesmosomes do?

A

Interact with keratin IFs anchoring them to the basement membrane in the cell

Also interact with laminin-5 out of the cell

30
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

Underlies all epithelial tissue

Not vascularised

31
Q

What are the components of the basement membrane?

A

Laminin

Collagen IV

32
Q

What is laminin?

A

Consist of 3 chains (alpha, beta, gamma) arranged in an asymmetric cross
Contain collagen and cell binding domains

33
Q

What does laminin do?

A

Contributes to organising the matrix and helping cells attach to it

34
Q

What is collagen?

A

Most abundant protein in mammals

Found in the BM and connective tissue

35
Q

What is the structure of collagen?

A

3 alpha chains forming a triple helical structure
Helices form fibrils
Fibrils form collagen fibres

36
Q

What is the hemidesmosome composition?

A

Alpha 6 beta 4 integrin

BPAG1/2 (bullous pemphigoid antigen 1/2)

Plectin

37
Q

What is epidermolysis bullosa?

A

A family of genetic (inherited) blistering diseases of the skin caused by defective cell-ECM adhesion

38
Q

What are the 3 types of EB?

A

EB simplex

Junctional EB

Dystrophic EB

39
Q

What is EB simplex?

A

Tissue separation of the epidermis (basal)

Generally localised to hands and feet

Mutation in keratin 5, BPAG1, a6b4 integrin

40
Q

What is Junctional EB?

A

Tissue separation of the basement membrane

Patients have large areas of body devoid of skin due to blistering

Mutation in Laminin5, BPAG2, a6b4

41
Q

What is Dystrophic EB?

A

Tissue separation in upper epidermis

Repeated blistering and scarring throughout life. Join contractures and fusion of digits

Mutation in Collagen VII

Cellular Biology and Biochemistry (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions