Cell Adaptation and Necrosis Flashcards

Question

What is coagulative necrosis?

Answer 1

The most common form of necrosis. Occurs when cell proteins are altered or denatured, similar to the coagulation that occurs when cooking eggs. Histologically, the cell outlines are preserved and the cytoplasm appears finely granular.

Answer 2

This type of necrosis typically occurs in solid internal organs, I.e. heart, kidney, spleen and liver, and is most often caused by Anoxia (best example is heart tissue undergoing a myocardial infarction)

Answer 3

Typically in solid internal organs like heart, kidney, spleen, and liver.

Answer 4

Refers to a process by which dead cells liquify under the influence of certain cell enzymes. The tissue becomes soft and gel-like.

Answer 5

It occurs most often in the brain where the brain cells lose their contours and liquify. This necrosis is typical of brain infarcts which are usually soft and are ultimately transformed into a fluid-filled cavity, or can be seen in certain bacterial infections in which a cavity may develop. (abscesses in the lungs).

Answer 6

A form of coagulative necrosis in which a thick, yellowish, cheesy substance forms.

Answer 7

Is typically found in Tuberculosis, characterized by the development of lung granulomas, inside of which can be found caseous necrosis. This is called a Ghon Complex, and usually heals, containing the infection. Not unique to T.B., as it may also be seen in some fungal infections (I.e. Histoplasmosis).

Answer 8

A specialized form of liquefaction necrosis caused by the action of lipolytic enzymes.

Answer 9

It is limited to fat tissue, usually around the pancreas, where enzymes are released into the adjacent fat tissue, usually after rupture of the pancreas (trauma, acute pancreatitis), causing degradation of fat into glycerol and free fatty acids. The free fatty acids rapidly bind with calcium, forming soaps, causing white, calcified specks.

Answer 10

Necrotic tissue can provide a good medium for infection by bacteria. The bacterial infection of coagulated tissue leads to inflammation and a secondary liquefaction clinically known as wet gangrene (I.e. advanced decubitus ulcers). If the necrotic tissue dries out, it becomes black and mummified (dry gangrene).

Answer 11

Such infections frequently occur after an infarction of the intestines or in a limb and are usually caused by atherosclerosis or diabetes.

Answer 12

- Necrotic tissue attracts calcium salts and frequently undergoes calcification. - Refers to the macroscopic deposition of calcium in injured or dead tissues. - Represents an extracellular deposition of calcium from the circulation into dead or dying necrotic tissue, often visible to the naked eye, and range from gritty, sand-like grains to firm, rock-hard material.

Answer 13

1. Calcifications in Atherosclerotic coronary arteries contributes to narrowing of the vessels. 2. Calcifications of the Mitral or Aortic valves leading to impeded blood flow (Stenosis). 3. Calcifications seen around breast cancers that can be visualized by mammography. 4. Infant periventricular calcifications seen in congenital Toxoplasmosis.

Answer 14

Reflects deranged calcium metabolism (not cell injury), usually associated with increased serum calcium levels, leading to deposition of calcium in other locations.

Answer 15

Seen in various disorders including Hyperparathyroidism, Vitamin D toxicity, and Chronic Renal Failure. Formations of Calcium stones in sites such as the gallbladder, kidney and bladder are due to precipitation of the salts from solution into tissues.

Answer 16

The death of cells or groups of cells (tissues) within a living organism.

Answer 17

Necrosis is seen in the living (with inflammation) and autolysis is seen in tissues after death.