Cell

Question 0

What are the three parts to a cell?

Answer 0

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.

Question 1

Define cell.

Answer 1

Is a living structural and functional unit enclosed by a plasma membrane.

Question 2

Plasma membrane.

Answer 2

Composed of lipid by layer and membrane proteins.

Question 3

Cytoplasm.

Answer 3

Which contain cytosol and organelles.

Question 4

Nucleus.

Answer 4

Is contains gens and chromosome. It’s is the control centre of the cell.

Question 5

What are the two transport processes in the plasma membrane?

Answer 5

Passive and active

Question 6

Passive process

Answer 6

A substance moves down its concentration or electrical gradient to cross the membrane using only its kinetic energy.

Question 7

Active process

Answer 7

Is using cellular energy to drive the substance against its concentration or electrical gradient.

Question 8

What are the two forms of cellular energy used in the active transport process?

Answer 8

ATP(adenosine triphosphate) which is the source in primary active transport. The energy stored in sodium and hydrogen (Na+, H+) is the source of secondary active transport.

Question 9

Diffusion

Answer 9

Is when a substance moves from higher concentration to lower concentration in passive process using its own kinetic energy.

Question 10

Osmosis

Answer 10

Is a type of diffusion in which there is a net movement of a solvent through a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 11

Tonicity

Answer 11

Is the measure of the solutions ability to alter the volume of the cell by changing there water content.(changing shape, dehydration, hydration)

Question 12

Hypotonic solution

Answer 12

Is a solution with lower concentration of salutes than the cytosol inside the red blood cell.

Question 13

Hypertonic solution

Answer 13

Is when the solutes is higher in concentration then the cytosol in the red blood cells

Question 14

Lysis

Answer 14

Hypotonic solution the rupture of a cell (Death of a cell)

Question 15

Crenation

Answer 15

DEFINITION
The conversion of normally round red corpuscles into shrunken, knobbed, starry forms, as when blood is mixed with salt solution of 5% strength.

In a hypertonic solution the shrinkage of a cell is called crenation.

Question 16

What are three active processes in transport of vesicles

Answer 16

Endocytosis, exocytosis and transcytosis

Question 17

Exocytosis

Answer 17

Materials move out of a cell by the fusion with the plasma membrane of vesicles formed inside the cell.

Question 18

Endocytosis

Answer 18

Materials move into the cell in a vesicle formed by the plasma membrane. It consists of phagocytosis and pinocytosis.(eating and drinking)

Question 19

Transcytosis

Answer 19

Movement through the cell in and out. ( exocytosis and endocytosis).
Eg. Intestines.

Question 20

What are the two parts of cytoplasm.

Answer 20

Cytosol and organelles.

Question 21

What is chromatin

Answer 21

How genes are dispersed in non dividing cells.

Question 22

What are genes organized into while dividing cells

Answer 22

chromosomes

Question 23

Cell division

Answer 23

Is a process in which cells reproduce themselves

Question 24

What are the two type of cell division

Answer 24

Reproductive and somatic

Question 25

What is the process of the reproductive cell cycle

Answer 25

Meiosis, in which the number of chromosomes in the nucleus is reduced by half

Question 26

What is the process of the somatic cell cycle.

Answer 26

Interphase ( when a cell is not dividing) mitotic phase (when a cell is dividing)

Question 27

What happens during interphase

Answer 27

The cell grows and replicates its DNA.

Question 28

What happens during mitotic phase

Answer 28

Two identical cells form this phase consists of mitosis ( a nuclear division) and cytokinesis ( a cytoplasmic division)

Question 29

What is mitosis

Answer 29

Is the distribution of two sets of chromosomes into two separate nuclei.(this division maintains the same number of chromosomes )

Question 30

What are the two type of cell death

Answer 30

Apoptosis: is the term for regulated, genetically programmed death Necrosis: a cell dies due to injuries.

Question 31

Cytology(cell biology)

Answer 31

The study of cellular structure and function

Question 32

Permeable

Answer 32

Structure permits the passage of a substance through it.

Question 33

Selective permeability

Answer 33

Plasma membranes permits some substances to pass more readily than others.

Question 34

Simple diffusion

Answer 34

A passive process in which substances move freely through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membranes of cells without the help of membrane transport proteins.

Question 35

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 35

Is when solutes that are too polar or highly charged to move through the lipid bilayer by simple diffusion can cross the plasma membrane by a passive process

Question 36

Isotonic solution

Answer 36

Any solution in which a cell maintains its normal shape and volume

Question 37

In primary active transport the carrier proteins that mediate are called?

Answer 37

Pumps

Question 38

What is a sodium potassium pump and what does it do?

Answer 38

It is a primary active transport and expels sodium ions from a cell and brings potassium ions in( another name or the pump is Na+-K+ ATPase ).

Question 39

Phagocytosis

Answer 39

Is a form of endocytosis in which the cell engulfs large solid particles such as worn-out cells, whole bacteria, or viruses

Question 40

Pinocytosis (bulk phase endocytosis)

Answer 40

A form of endocytosis in which tiny droplets of extra cellular fluid are taken up

Question 41

What is the cell cycle

Answer 41

G1 phase, s phase( interphase) and g2 phase, M phase ( mitotic )

Question 42

What are the different phases in mitotic phase

Answer 42

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Question 43

What happens in g1 phase and how long does it last

Answer 43

8-10hr cell metabolically active, duplicates organelles and cytosolic components, centrosomes replication begins.

Question 44

What happens in interphase and how long does it last.

Answer 44

8hrs DNA replicates

Question 45

What happens in G2 phase and how long?

Answer 45

4-6hr cell growth continues, enzymes and other proteins are synthesized, centrosomes replication completed.

Question 46

During which phase of the cell does DNA replication occur?

Answer 46

S phase ( interphase).

Question 47

What is cytokinesis

Answer 47

Division of the cells cytoplasm and organelles into two identical cells.

Question 48

Apoptosis

Answer 48

Normal type of cell death

Question 49

Necrosis

Answer 49

A pathological type of cell death that results from tissue injury.

Question 50

Ribosomes

Answer 50

Are produced in the nucleolus and site of protein synthesis in the cell

Question 51

Lysosomes

Answer 51

Also called breakdown bodies or suicide sack

Question 52

Mitochondria

Answer 52

Generating most of the ATP and referred as the powerhouse of the cell

Question 53

Smooth ER

Answer 53

The site involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification of some drugs

Question 54

How does water move by osmosis across a plasma membranes with a solute concentration

Answer 54

It moves from a lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Question 55

How does water move by osmosis across plasma membrane from an area of water concentration

Answer 55

Move from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration