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Bio Part 2 Cell By Anki > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

1
Q

What is mitosis?

A

A process of cell division that occurs in somatic cells

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2
Q

How many times does the nucleus divide during mitosis?

A

Once

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3
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A
  • Prephase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase
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4
Q

What type of daughter cells are produced in mitosis?

A

Diploid - 2

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5
Q

Does crossing over occur during mitosis?

A

No

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6
Q

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

A

To increase the number of normal cells

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7
Q

What are the consequences of a malfunction in mitosis?

A

Cancer

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8
Q

What is meiosis?

A

A process of cell division that occurs in germ cells

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9
Q

How many times does the nucleus divide during meiosis?

A

Twice

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10
Q

What are the stages of meiosis?

A
  • Meiosis I
  • Meiosis II
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11
Q

What type of daughter cells are produced in meiosis?

A

Haploid - 1

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12
Q

Does crossing over occur during meiosis?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What is produced during meiosis?

A
  • Eggs
  • Sperm cells
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14
Q

What is a consequence of malfunction in meiosis?

A

Genetic disorders such as Down’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome, and Turner’s syndrome

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15
Q

What is the largest cell in humans?

A

Egg cell

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16
Q

What is the smallest cell in humans?

A

Sperm cell

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17
Q

What is uncontrolled cell division commonly referred to as?

A

Cancer

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18
Q

What are the phases of the cell cycle?

A
  • G1
  • S
  • G2
  • Mitosis
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19
Q

What occurs during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

A

Cell growth

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20
Q

What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

A

DNA replication

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21
Q

What occurs during the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

A

Preparation for mitosis

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22
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A
  • Provides structural support to the cell
  • Aids in cell movements
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23
Q

What is the centrosome made of?

A

Two centrioles

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24
Q

What is the function of the centrosome?

A

Microtubule organizing center

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25
What is DNA replication?
The process by which a cell copies its DNA before dividing
26
What are the base pairs in DNA?
* Adenine * Thymine * Guanine * Cytosine
27
What are the base pairs in RNA?
* Adenine * Uracil * Guanine * Cytosine
28
What is the role of topoisomerase in DNA replication?
Prevents DNA from getting tangled
29
What does DNA ligase do?
Facilitates the joining of DNA strands together
30
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
Doubles the amount of DNA in a cell during cell division
31
What is the role of DNA primase?
Initiates DNA replication
32
What is the function of helicase?
Unwinds the DNA
33
What is reverse transcriptase?
The process of creating complementary strands of DNA based on RNA
34
What is semi-conservative DNA replication?
The process of duplicating DNA to create two new double-stranded DNA molecules, each with one original strand and one new strand.
35
What does the semi-conservative replication model produce in the first generation?
One original DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand.
36
What are the three main functions of microtubules?
* Cell structure * Cell division * Intracellular transport
37
What is a characteristic of a plant cell?
Plant cell is large and has a fixed rectangular shape.
38
What is a characteristic of an animal cell?
Animal cell is small and irregular or round in shape.
39
What is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
* Cell wall * Plastids * One large central vacuole
40
What is absent in plant cells but present in animal cells?
* Centrosomes
41
Where does the nucleus lie in plant cells?
On one side of the cell.
42
Where does the nucleus lie in animal cells?
In the center.
43
How do the numbers of mitochondria compare between plant and animal cells?
Mitochondria are present in fewer numbers in plant cells and in larger numbers in animal cells.
44
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a structure that helps in cell structure, cell division, and intracellular transport.
microtubules
45
What is semi-conservative DNA replication?
The process of duplicating DNA to create two new double-stranded DNA molecules, each with one original strand and one new strand.
46
What does the semi-conservative replication model produce in the first generation?
One original DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand.
47
What are the three main functions of microtubules?
* Cell structure * Cell division * Intracellular transport
48
What is a characteristic of a plant cell?
Plant cell is large and has a fixed rectangular shape.
49
What is a characteristic of an animal cell?
Animal cell is small and irregular or round in shape.
50
What is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
* Cell wall * Plastids * One large central vacuole
51
What is absent in plant cells but present in animal cells?
* Centrosomes
52
Where does the nucleus lie in plant cells?
On one side of the cell.
53
Where does the nucleus lie in animal cells?
In the center.
54
How do the numbers of mitochondria compare between plant and animal cells?
Mitochondria are present in fewer numbers in plant cells and in larger numbers in animal cells.
55
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a structure that helps in cell structure, cell division, and intracellular transport.
microtubules
56
What is endocytosis?
Type of active transport involving movement of particles into the cell from the external environment ## Footnote Endocytosis is a critical process for cellular uptake of various substances.
57
What does the prefix 'endo-' in endocytosis mean?
Inside ## Footnote 'Endo-' is derived from Greek, meaning 'within' or 'inside'.
58
What does the prefix 'exo-' in exocytosis mean?
Outside ## Footnote 'Exo-' comes from Greek, meaning 'outside' or 'out of'.
59
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
Involves the uptake of specific particles via receptors on the cell membrane ## Footnote This process is crucial for the selective uptake of nutrients and other molecules.
60
What are pseudopodia?
False feet of amoeba used for movement and feeding ## Footnote Pseudopodia are temporary projections of eukaryotic cells or unicellular organisms.
61
What is exocytosis?
Movement of particles from the cell to the external environment ## Footnote Exocytosis is essential for the secretion of substances like hormones and neurotransmitters.
62
What is another term for exocytosis?
Cell vomiting ## Footnote This term describes the process where the cell expels unwanted materials.
63
What types of particles are involved in exocytosis?
* Undigested residues from endocytosis * Enzymes * Hormones ## Footnote These materials are expelled to maintain cellular function and homeostasis.
64
Fill in the blank: Endocytosis is a type of _______ transport.
active ## Footnote Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
65
Fill in the blank: Exocytosis can also be referred to as _______ of the cell.
vomiting ## Footnote This metaphor highlights the expulsion of materials from the cell.

Bio Part 2 Cell By Anki (1 decks)

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