cell Flashcards
Cell Membrane
-Protective barrier around cell that allows different substances to move through it
The process for moving substances across the membrane is called______ (particles will ________ from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration)
Diffusion
A jelly-likesubstance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles-Nutrients-and organelles-Move within the cell because of the _______
Cytoplasm
The control center of the cell (controls growth, reproduction, etc).
Nucleus
Prominent structure (sometimes up to four) found within the nucleus of the cell and where ribosomesare formed
Nucleolus
Store nutrients, wastes, and other substances used by the cell
In plant cells, the central __________ stores water for the cell
Vacuoles
Transport substances throughout the cell
vesicles
Supplies energy to the cell (converts chemical energy in sugar into energy the cell can use)
Mitochondria
Where digestion occurs
Filled with enzymes (proteins that speed up chemical reactions)
Break down bacteria and damaged cell parts
lysosomes
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell
Golgi Apparatus
Carries materials throughout the cell (made of a series of interconnected tubes)
endoplasmic reticulum
Carries materials throughout the cell and has ribosomes attached to it
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Produces fats and oils and does not have ribosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Sites where proteins are assembled
Ribosomes
Internal network of fibers made up of filaments important in maintaining the cell’s shape
cytoskeleton
Internal network of fibers made up of filaments important in maintaining the cell’s shape
cytoskeleton
Only found in plant cells
A rigid frame made out of cellulose that provides strength, protection, and support
cell wall
Only found in plant cells
Contain chlorophyll (green substance that uses energy from the sun to convert CO₂ and H₂O into sugar and O₂ during photosynthesis)
Chloroplasts
Little sacs stacked like coins that act as solar collectors, surrounded by a thick fluid called stroma
Thylakoids
The stack of thylakoids
Grain
Two barrel shaped structures found perpendicular to each other which release spindle like formations (spindle fibres) during cell division
Centrioles
Two barrel shaped structures found perpendicular to each other which release spindle like formations (spindle fibres) during cell division
Centrioles
Released from centrioles during cell division to attach to chromosomes
spindle fibres
Difference between plant and animal cells
Plant:
Rectangular in shape
Contain cell walls and chloroplasts (with chlorophyll)
Do not have centrioles
Have a large central vacuole
__________________________________________
Animal:
Irregular in shape
Do not have cell walls or chloroplasts
Contain centrioles (paired structures involved in cell division)
Have small vacuoles
