Cell Flashcards
Lack a defined nucleus
prokaryotic
have a defined nucleus
eukaryotic
These components work together to maintain cellular
homeostasis and perform essential life activities.
Structure and basic functions
The cell membrane surrounds the cell and is a selective barrier between the interior and the exterior.
Its primary role lies in regulating the passage of substances, including nutrients and waste materials.
Within it, specialized proteins play a crucial role in facilitating molecular transport and cellular communication.
cell membrane
Is composed of lipid bilayer (phospholipids and associated proteins (Integral and Peripheral protein) together with oligosaccharide side chains.
cell membrane
Pertains to the fluid portion of the
Cell which contains the three main Structural components:
cytoskeleton
organelles
inclusions
Also called as “soup” of the cell
cytoplasm
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotic organisms.
As such, it serves to maintain the integrity of the cell by facilitating transcription and replication processes.
It’s the largest organelle inside the cell taking up about a tenth of the entire cell volume.
cell nucleus
is a highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.
Nuclear Envelope
is a type of protoplasm that is made up mostly of water, a mixture of various molecules, and dissolved ions. It is completely enclosed within the nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope. The main function of the nucleoplasm is to serve as a suspension substance for the organelles inside the nucleus.
Nucleoplasm
is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is best known as the site of ribosome biogenesis.
Nucleolus
It is bounded protein which serves as packaging for Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and controls the hereditary
Chromosomes
Enclosed with specialized subunit that located inside the cell performed individual task. Individual organelle usually enclosed within its own lipid bilayers. Each little organ that suspended in the cytoplasm has its own structural characteristics
Cytoplasmic organelles
Site for protein synthesis. Found attached to rough ER or floating freely in the cytosol. Produced in the nucleolus.
Ribosome
Is a complex network of flattened sacs and tubes extending from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane. It transports substance through the inside of the cell, synthesizes lipids, enzymes and proteins.
Two types:
Rough ER - an ER with ribosomes on its surface.
Smooth ER - an ER without ribosomes on its surface.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Are flattened stacks of membranes that modify the proteins (polypeptides) and lipids then packages into a small, membrane-enclosed organelle called “vesicle”.
Golgi apparatus
To carry out vital functions and necessary metabolic processes essential for the proper functioning of the cell and/or organism
Energy Supply
Is the powerhouse of the cell.
This is the location wherein energy produces ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).
Mitochondria
Single membranous sac that plays important roles in storage of materials, releasing of cellular waste products, conducts intercellular digestion, maintaining hydrostatic pressure.
Vacuole
It involves breaking down molecules and unwanted materials, enabling the recycling of nutrients and cellular maintenance.
Cellular Digestion
Is a small membrane bordered structure that contains powerful enzymes necessary for cellular digestion.
Garbage disposal of cell.
“Scavengers of the cell”
Lysosomes
It is known to be the cell coat that is located in the outer part of the animal cell, its function is for cell recognition and cellular adhesion.
Glycocalyx
Are membrane-bound organelles that contain an abundance of enzymes for detoxifying harmful substances and lipid metabolism.
Peroxisomes
Maintaining cellular shape, enabling cellular movement
and division, are essential for its functioning and survival.
Support and Movement
t is composed of collective network of protein filaments (microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments) and provides support and enables movement in eukaryotic cells.
Its specific functions encompass stability, intracellular transport, and contraction. Furthermore, it regulates cellular shape and plays a role in division.
Cytoskeleton
Largest organelle in plant cells.
These are disk-shaped pigment containing storage organelles found only in plant cells and some photosynthetic protists.
The largest, rounded membranous organelles that conatins DNA usually located in plant cell but not common in animal cell for coloring pigments in plants.
plastids
green pigment
Chloroplastids
colored pigment like red, yellow and orange
Chromoplastids
white and colorless pigments
Leucoplastids
is an organelle that is the main place where cell microtubules are organized.
Also, it regulates the cell division cycle, the stages which lead up to one cell dividing in two.
Centrosome
is a cylindrical organelle composed mainly of a protein called tubulin. Centrioles are found in most eukaryotic cells.
A bound pair of centrioles, surrounded by a shapeless mass of dense material, called the pericentriolar material, makes up a structure called a centrosome.
Centriole
