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Physio- NERVOUS SYSTEM > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Basic unit of life

A

Cell

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2
Q

Subtance that make up the cell

A

PROTOPLASM

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3
Q

Components of protoplasm

A
  1. Water
  2. Protein
  3. Lipids
  4. Carbohydrates
  5. Ions/Electrolytes
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4
Q

Principle medium of the cell

A

Water

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5
Q

Water percent components

A

70-85%

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6
Q

How many percent of the proteins?

A

10-20%

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7
Q

What are the parts of the cell?

A
  1. Cell membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Nucleus
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8
Q

Cell membrane is also called?

A

Plasma membrane

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9
Q

Outer covering of the cell?

A

Cell membrane/ plasma membrane

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10
Q

Components of cell membrane?

A
  1. Lipids
  2. Proteins
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11
Q

Afraid of water?

A

Hydrophobic

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12
Q

Loves water?

A

Hydrophilic

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13
Q

Inner environment of the cell?

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

Between the cell membrane and nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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15
Q

What is the fluid name where majority of organelles are suspended?

A

Cytosol

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16
Q

What are the organelles of cytoplasm?

A
  1. Mithochondria
  2. Encoplasmic reticulum
  3. Golgi appartus
  4. Lysosomes
  5. Peroxisomes
  6. Cytoskeleton
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17
Q

Power house of the cell?

A

Mitochondria

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18
Q

Generates ATP?

A

Mitochondria

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19
Q

What is ATP stands for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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20
Q

Creats protein vesicles?

A

Rough ER

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21
Q

Transport protein?

A

Rough ER

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22
Q

Protein synthesis?

A

Ribosomes

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23
Q

Fat synthesis

A

Smooth ER

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24
Q

Cell detoxification?

A

Smooth ER

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25
Q

Also know as traffic director of the cell?

A

Golgi apparatus

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26
Q

Modifies and packages protein vesicles sent by the rough ER?

A

Golgi apparatus

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27
Q

Produced lysosomes?

A

Golgi apparatus

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28
Q

Made of proteins?

A

Lysosomes

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29
Q

Also known as Suicidal bags?

A

Lysosomes

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30
Q

It digest bacteria?

A

Lysosomes

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31
Q

What enzymes that help to kill digested bacteria?

A

Hydrolytic enzymes/ Hydrolases

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32
Q

Self- reflicative organelle?

A

Peroxisomes

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33
Q

What is the present enzymes in peroxisomes?

A

Oxidases/ Oxidative enzymes

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34
Q

Detoxifies free radicals?

A

Peroxisomes

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35
Q

Framework of the cell?

A

Cytoskeleton

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36
Q

Supports cytoplasm?

A

Cytoskeleton

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37
Q

What are the 4 forms of cytoskeleton?

A

Cilia, flagella, centriolles, spindle fibers

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38
Q

Responsible for the movement of materials over the surface of the cell?

A

Cilia

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39
Q

Responsible for the movement of sperm cells?

A

Flagella

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40
Q

Center for microtubules formation?

A

Centrioles

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41
Q

Assist in the seperation of chromosomes durimg cell divisiom?

A

Spindle fibers

42
Q

Control center of the cell?

A

Nucleus

43
Q

Direct cell activity?

A

Nucleus

44
Q

It contains DNA?

A

Nucleus

45
Q

What DNA stands for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

46
Q

What is the process of cell divisions?

A

Mitosis and Meiosis

47
Q

It functions for growth and tissue repair?

A

Mitosis

48
Q

It functions for sexual reproduction?

A

Meiosis

49
Q

Type of cell for meiosis?

A

Sex cells or gametes

50
Q

Type of cell for mitosis?

A

Somatic cell or body cell

51
Q

What is the daughter cell for mitosis?

A

Diploid

52
Q

What is the daughter cell for meiosis?

A

Haploid

53
Q

How many daughter cells for mitosis?

A

2 daighter cell

54
Q

How many daugther cells for meiosis?

A

4 daugther cell

55
Q

How many chromosomes each daughter cell for mitosis?

A

46 chromosomes

56
Q

How many paired chromosomes for mitosis?

A

23 pair

57
Q

How many chromosomes each daughter cells for meiosis?

A

23

58
Q

How many cell division undergoes the mitosis?

A

Once

59
Q

How many cell division undergoes for meiosis?

A

Twice

60
Q

What are the 4 cell division?

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
61
Q

It disappears nucleus and nuclear envelope?

A

Prophase

62
Q

Chromosomes are paired?

A

Prophase

63
Q

Chromosomes are aligned at midline by the microtubules?

A

Metaphase

64
Q

Away from the midline?

A

Anaphase

65
Q

Chromosomes are split away/seperated at the centromere to become_______?

A

Chromatids

66
Q

It forms like cleavage?

A

Telophase

67
Q

Separation of the cytoplasm to form new daughter cells?

A

Cytokinesis

68
Q

Reappearing of the nucleus and nuclear envelope?

A

Telophase

69
Q

Ingestion of particles?

A

Endocytosis

70
Q

What are the types of endocytosis?

A
  1. Pinocytosis
  2. Phagocytosis
71
Q

Cell drinking mechanism?

A

Pinocytosis

72
Q

Cell eating mechanism?

A

Phagocytosis

73
Q

Ingestion of large and solid particles?

A

Phagocytosis

74
Q

Ingestion of smaller molecules and liquid?

A

Pinocytosis

75
Q

AKA downhill movement?

A

Diffusion

76
Q

Movement from higher to lower concentration?

A

Diffusion

77
Q

Types of diffusion?

A

Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion

78
Q

Spontaneous movement of molecules?

A

Simple diffusion

79
Q

Give a factors that increase the rate of diffusion?

A
  1. Increase temperature
  2. Small molecular size
  3. Higher partition coefficient
80
Q

Uses carries proteins to facilitate movement of substances?

A

Carrier mediated

81
Q

Uses electrical current?

A

Voltage-gated

82
Q

Uses neurotransmitters?

A

Ligand-gated

83
Q

Movement of water from higher to lower areas of concentration and movements of solute from lower to higher?

A

Osmosis

84
Q

Types of tonicity?

A
  1. Hypertonic solution
  2. Hypotonic solution
  3. Isotonic solution
85
Q

Solute is higher than the inside the cell?

A

Hypertonic

86
Q

Solute outside the cell is lower than inside the cell?

A

Hypotonic

87
Q

The solute outside and inside the cell is same?

A

Isotonic

88
Q

Uses ATP?

A

Active transport

89
Q

AKA uphill movement

A

Active transport

90
Q

Manner of movement lower to higher?

A

Primary active transport

91
Q

Only uses energy from primary active transport?

A

Secondary active transport

92
Q

AKA writing across?

A

Transcription

93
Q

Uses the sequence of bases in a strand of DNA to make a complementary strand of mRNA?

A

Transcription

94
Q

Molecule that carries genetic infromation for the development and functioning of an organism?

A

DNA

95
Q

mRNA stands for?

A

Messenger ribonucleic acid

96
Q

Molecule in cells that carries code from the DNA in the nucleus to the sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm?

A

mRNA

97
Q

The process in which the genetic code of mRNA is read to make a protein?

A

Translation

98
Q

Types of channel-mediates?

A

Voltage-gated
Ligand-gated

99
Q

Types of facilitated diffusion?

A

Carrier-mediated
Channel-mediated

100
Q

Energy currency of the cell?

A

ATP

Physio- NERVOUS SYSTEM (2 decks)

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