Cell Flashcards
Cell theory
Created by schlseiden schwan,and virchow
1 All living organisms are composed of cells
2 Cells are the functional and structural unit of life
3 Cells are the simplest unit of life
4 All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Cells with nucleus
Eukaryotic
Cells without nucleus
Prokaryotic
Cell unity ( all cells exhibit these characteristics)
- Store genetic information as DNA
- Replicate DNA by template polymerization
- Transcribe genetic information into RNA
- Translate RNA into proteins
- Use protein catalysis
- Regulate genes
- Require free energy
- Synthesize biological macromolecules from subunits
- Enclosed in a plasma membrane
Prokaryotic cell structure
Bacteria and archaea
No nucleus
Tough cell wall
Small
Reproduce quickly
No internal membranes
DNA in nucleotide ( not in membrane bound)
Limited cytoskeleton
Eukaryotic cell structure
Plants, animals, and fungi
Membrane bound nucleus
Usually larger than prokaryotes
Some live independently, some live in multicellular assembles
Variety of organelles
Nucleus
Enclosed by a double membrane ( nuclear envelope); has nuclear pores which allow exchange of material with cytoplasm; contains most of cell’s DNA
Mitochondria
Enclosed in 2 membranes ( outer and inner); inner membrane folds in to create cristae; produces majority of ATP; reproduce by division
Endoplasmic Reticulum ( rough and smooth)
Complex of membrane bound compartments; synthesizes most cell membrane components and materials for export; rough has ribosomes and produces proteins; smooth lacks ribosomes and produces lipids, etc ( not proteins)
Golgi Apparatus
Stacks of membrane bound discs; receives materials from ER, modifies and packages it for export from cell or to other cell compartments
Lysosomes
Small and irregularly shaped; membrane bound; function is intacellular digestion
Peroxisomes
Small and membrane bound; hydrogen peroxide is used to inactive toxic molecules
Transport Vesicles
Small and membrane bound; move material bound compartments
Endocytosis
The taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form vacuole
Exocytosis
Materials are expected out of the cell via secretory vesicles
Cytosol
Inside plasma membrane but outside organelles; aqueous solution; gel like
Cytoskeleton
System of protein filaments in cytosol; control cell shape and provide strength; drives movement of cell and components; 3 components
Actin Filaments
The thinnest and most abundant of the cytoskeleton elements; control cell movement and contraction
Microtubules
The thickest of the cytoskeletal elements; hollow tubules; guide movement of intracellular components; form network for chromosome segregation
Intermediate Filaments
Component of cytoskeleton; strengthens the cell
Plastids
Found in plant cell; double membrane bound; site of manufacture and storage of important compounds
Vacuole
Found in plant cells; fluid filled; used for storage; provide turn or pressure
Cell Wall
Found in plant cells; supports cell and provides structure
Chloroplasts
Large, green organelles found in plant cells; surrounded by two membranes; internal stacks of membranes ( contains chlorophyll); photosynthesis occurs here; contain own DNA; reproduce by division; thought to have evolved from bacteria
