Cell

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

Created by schlseiden schwan,and virchow
1 All living organisms are composed of cells
2 Cells are the functional and structural unit of life
3 Cells are the simplest unit of life
4 All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 2

Cells with nucleus

Answer 2

Eukaryotic

Question 3

Cells without nucleus

Answer 3

Prokaryotic

Question 4

Cell unity ( all cells exhibit these characteristics)

Answer 4

1. Store genetic information as DNA
2. Replicate DNA by template polymerization
3. Transcribe genetic information into RNA
4. Translate RNA into proteins
5. Use protein catalysis
6. Regulate genes
7. Require free energy
8. Synthesize biological macromolecules from subunits
9. Enclosed in a plasma membrane

Question 5

Prokaryotic cell structure

Answer 5

Bacteria and archaea
No nucleus
Tough cell wall
Small
Reproduce quickly
No internal membranes
DNA in nucleotide ( not in membrane bound)
Limited cytoskeleton

Question 6

Eukaryotic cell structure

Answer 6

Plants, animals, and fungi
Membrane bound nucleus
Usually larger than prokaryotes
Some live independently, some live in multicellular assembles
Variety of organelles

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

Enclosed by a double membrane ( nuclear envelope); has nuclear pores which allow exchange of material with cytoplasm; contains most of cell’s DNA

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

Enclosed in 2 membranes ( outer and inner); inner membrane folds in to create cristae; produces majority of ATP; reproduce by division

Question 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum ( rough and smooth)

Answer 9

Complex of membrane bound compartments; synthesizes most cell membrane components and materials for export; rough has ribosomes and produces proteins; smooth lacks ribosomes and produces lipids, etc ( not proteins)

Question 10

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 10

Stacks of membrane bound discs; receives materials from ER, modifies and packages it for export from cell or to other cell compartments

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Small and irregularly shaped; membrane bound; function is intacellular digestion

Question 12

Peroxisomes

Answer 12

Small and membrane bound; hydrogen peroxide is used to inactive toxic molecules

Question 13

Transport Vesicles

Answer 13

Small and membrane bound; move material bound compartments

Question 14

Endocytosis

Answer 14

The taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form vacuole

Question 15

Exocytosis

Answer 15

Materials are expected out of the cell via secretory vesicles

Question 16

Cytosol

Answer 16

Inside plasma membrane but outside organelles; aqueous solution; gel like

Question 17

Cytoskeleton

Answer 17

System of protein filaments in cytosol; control cell shape and provide strength; drives movement of cell and components; 3 components

Question 18

Actin Filaments

Answer 18

The thinnest and most abundant of the cytoskeleton elements; control cell movement and contraction

Question 19

Microtubules

Answer 19

The thickest of the cytoskeletal elements; hollow tubules; guide movement of intracellular components; form network for chromosome segregation

Question 20

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 20

Component of cytoskeleton; strengthens the cell

Question 21

Plastids

Answer 21

Found in plant cell; double membrane bound; site of manufacture and storage of important compounds

Question 22

Vacuole

Answer 22

Found in plant cells; fluid filled; used for storage; provide turn or pressure

Question 23

Cell Wall

Answer 23

Found in plant cells; supports cell and provides structure

Question 24

Chloroplasts

Answer 24

Large, green organelles found in plant cells; surrounded by two membranes; internal stacks of membranes ( contains chlorophyll); photosynthesis occurs here; contain own DNA; reproduce by division; thought to have evolved from bacteria