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Histology And Embryology > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

1
Q

The basic structural unit of all living organisms

A

Cell

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2
Q

Give the two major components of the Cell

A

Nucleus and Cytoplasm

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3
Q

contains DNA that encodes instructions for synthesis of all proteins of cell, and the enzymes that catalyze the biochemical reactions of its metabolism

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

Thin envelope that separates the cytoplasm from the external environment

A

Cell Membrane

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5
Q

Consist of bimolecular layer of phospholipid molecules with hydrophilic heads at the outer & inner surfaces,& hydrophobic fatty acid chains directed towards the middle of the lipid blayer

A

Cell Membrane

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6
Q

the command center of the cell . Site of synthesis of ribonucleic acids

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

Usually spherical or ovoid in shape located near the center of the cell

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

N….contains DNA that encodes instructions for synthesis of all proteins of cell, and the enzymes that catalyze the biochemical reactions of its metabolism

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

4 parts of Nucleus

A

Chromatin
Nucleolus
Nuclear lamina
Nuclear envelope

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10
Q
  • clumps of conspicuous intensely basophilic material in the nucleus. Consist of DNA and associated proteins in CONDENSED state
A

Chromatin

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11
Q
  • is visible in the living cell as a sperical refractile body located eccentrically in the nucleus.

Its function is to rewrite rRNA and combine it with proteins (VITAL ROLE IN MAKING PROTEINS IN THE CELL)

A

Nucleolus

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12
Q

– it serve as boundary of nucleus consisting of 2 parallel membranes.

Serves as communication between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

A

Nuclear envelope

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13
Q

•Is the region of the cell between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

Contains cell organelles (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes and peroxisomes) and inclusions suspended in a semi- fluid cytosol

A

Cytoplasm

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15
Q
  • are slender sausage- shaped structures and exhibits some variations in shape in different cell types

•Found to have 2 membranes

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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16
Q

Most numerous in high energy requiring cells such as muscle & neurons

•GENERATE the chemical ENERGY necessary for most of the biochemical reactions that take place in the cytoplasm

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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17
Q

Largest of the cytoplasmic organelle

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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18
Q
  • studded with ribosomes. Related to protein synthesis
A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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19
Q
  • involve in synthesis of cholesterol and steroid hormones.
A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

Abundant in interstitial cells of testis (secreting testosterone).

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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21
Q

In liver it function in detoxification of drugs and alcohol & participate in synthesis of glycogen

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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22
Q

it is where the newly synthesized proteins, received from the rER, are further processed, SORTED,and PACKAGED for transport to their final destinations in the cell.

A

Golgi Complex

23
Q

Largest in secretory cell types

A

Golgi Complex

24
Q
  • contain more than 30 hydrolytic enzymes that have acid pH

“Digestive system”of the cell decomposing substances taken into the cell and disposing of excess, or damaged, cell organelles

25
Q

-bear some RESEMBLANCE to LYSOSOMES, but they are more consistently spherical and less dense

•Participate in a number of important biochemical pathways.

A

Peroxisomes

26
Q

Their oxidative reactions breakdown amino acids,uric acid, & fatty acids

A

Perixisomes

27
Q

consists of 2 centrioles in the center of a sphere of material of low density , described as pericentriolar matrix.

A

Centrosome

28
Q

In non dividing cells, it nucleate the polymerization of long, single,microtubules that radiate throughout the cytoplasm. This contribute to maintenance of cell shape & serve as tracks along which transport vesicles and organelles from place to place by motor proteins

A

Centrosome

29
Q

In dividing cells they nucleate the polymerization of the microtubules of the mitotic spindle

A

Centrosome

30
Q

-it is metabolized by cells to enable them to SYNTHESIS ATP, w/c provides the energy for most of the biochemical reactions taking place in the cell

31
Q
  • multiple small lipid droplets containing cholesterol esters, as well as triglycerides, are mostly seen in cells specialized for steroid hormones
32
Q
  • They have no metabolic value, but the cell seems to have no way of eliminating them
A

Lipofuchsin pigment

33
Q

-determines cell shape & many of the physical properties of the cytoplasm

•It is very dynamic

A

Cytoskeleton

34
Q

•Three categories of filaments:

A
  • 1.Microfilaments(actin and myosin filaments)
  • 2.Intermediate filaments
  • 3.Mictrotubules
35
Q

-contractile activity in muscle cells primarily results from the interaction of 2 protein namely actin(thin) & myosin(thick) filaments

A

Microfilaments

36
Q
  • cell contain a class of intermediate-sized filaments with an average diameter of 10-12nm. Example of this are cytokeratins(epithelium),vimentin(mesenchymall cells),desmin(muscle), glial fibrillary acidic protein(glial cells), neurofilaments(neurons)
A

Intermediate filaments

37
Q

play a significant role in the development and maintenance of cell form

A

Microtubules

38
Q

They are also implicated in the intracellular transport of other organelles

A

Microtubules

39
Q

They are also implicated in the intracellular transport of other organelles

A

Microtubules

40
Q
  • are continuous sheets closely adherent cells(epithelia) that line portions of the respiratory and reproductive tracts, that are motile cell processes

ung parang micro hairs

41
Q

-are single propellant , with several times the length of cilia.

42
Q

is the only cell in mammal that demonstrate such structure

A

Spermatozoon

43
Q
  • taking of extracellular materials into the cells in invaginations of the cell membrane that pinch off to form vesicles which move in the cytoplasm
A

Endocytosis

44
Q
  • non-selective form of endocytosis in which small and large molecules in solution are taken up in the concentration of extracellular fluid
A

Pinocytosis

45
Q

mechanism for the selective concentration and uptake of specific protein molecules from the extracellular fluid

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

46
Q

-internalization of particles, such as bacteria , for destruction within the cell

A

Phagocytosis

47
Q

-structural units of the genetic material of Chromosomes-structural units of the genetic material of the cell, each consisting of a linear double-stranded DNA molecule and associated proteins cell, each consisting of a linear double-stranded DNA molecule and associated proteins

A

Chromosomes

48
Q

ordered sequence of events that a cell undergoes from its origin to its division

A

Cell Cycle

49
Q
  • period between the origination of the cell and its division. Occupies 95% of the cycle
A

Interphase

50
Q
  • division into two daughter cells, occupies only few hours
51
Q

Five stages of mitosis

A
  1. Prophase
    1. Prometaphase
    2. Metaphase
    3. Anaphase
    4. Telophase
52
Q
  • a cell division that occurs only in the production of the ova and spermatozoa

•The chromosome number must be reduced by half to prevent a doubling of the chromosome number at fertilization

53
Q
  • or programmed cell death

•This is an active, energy-dependent, gene-directed process, a kind of cell suicide

54
Q

not a programmed process of cell death

•Result fom anoxia, mechanical injury,invasion of cell by viruses,exposure to toxins,or to irradiation

Histology And Embryology (2 decks)

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