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cell Flashcards

1
Q

description of a live cell was first given by?

A

antom von leeuwenhoeak

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2
Q

discovery of nucleus

A

robert brown

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3
Q

the hypothesis that the bodies of plants and animals are made up of cells and products of cells is given by

A

theodore schwann, a british zoologist

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4
Q

main arena of cellular activities in all types of cells

A

cytoplasm

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5
Q

non- membrane bound organelles

A

ribosomes (found in all cells, prokaryo and eukaryo)
centriole

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6
Q

presence of ribosomes

A

; in all types of cells
; organelle within organelle (chloroplast and mitochondria)
; on rough ER
; in cytoplasm as well

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7
Q

length of mycoplasma and bacteria

A

0.3 micrometre
3-5 micrometre

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8
Q

diametre of human RBC

A

7 micrometer

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9
Q

genetic material of prokaryotics

A

basically naked
not enveloped by a nuclear envelope
single chromosome / circular DNA
double stranded

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10
Q

plasmids

A

small circular DNA outside genomic DNA
; confers certain PHENOTYPIC characters to bacteria (ex- resistance to antibiotics)

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11
Q

what kind of DNA is used to monitor bacterial transformation in foreign DNA

A

plasmid

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12
Q

special charachteristic of prokaryotic orgaisms

A
  • inclusion
    ; mesosome- essentially infoldings of cell membranes
  • specialzied differentiated forms of cell membrane
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13
Q

functions of mesosome

A

cell wall formation
DNA replication & distribution to daughter cells
respiration
secretion
increase in SA of plasma membrane & enzymatic content

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14
Q

membranous extension in cyanobacteria

A

chromatophores (contains pigments)

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15
Q

bacterial flaggelum is made up of three parts-

A

filament, hook and basal body
filament is the longest structure and extends from the cell surface to the outside

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16
Q

inclusion bodies

A

unique feature of prokaryotes
reserve material is stored in the cytoplasm in the form of inclusion bodies
not bound by any membrane
ex- phosphate granules
cyanophycean granules
glycogen granules
gas vacuoles are found in blue green and purple green photosynthetic bacteria

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17
Q

plastids are found in
a) animal cells
b) plant cells
c) both

A

plant cells only

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18
Q

peroxisome is found in

A

plant cell

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19
Q

peroxiome is found in

A

animal cell

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20
Q

the lipid component of cell membrane mainly consist of

A

phosphoglycerides

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21
Q

in human beings the membrane of the RBC have _ % protein and _ % lipids

A

52% protein
40% lipids

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22
Q

composition of cell membrane

A

composed of lipids arranged in a bilayer
also contain protein and carbs

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23
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

given by singer and nicolson
;; acc to this model, the quasi fluid nature of LIPID enables lateral movement of proteins within the overall bilayer

thefluidityofthemembraneisbecauseoflipids

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24
Q

the fluid nature of cell membrane helps to enhance what functions

A

cell growth
formation of intercellular junction
secretion
endocytosis
cell division

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25
algal cell wall composition
cellulose galactan mannan CaCO3
26
plant cell wall composition
cellulose hemicellulose pectins proteins
27
the cell wall and _ may be transversed by _ which connects the _ of neighboring cells
middle lamella plasmodesmata cytoplasm
28
endomembrane system
ER golgi apparatus vacuoles lysosomes
29
which endomembrane system divides the intracellular space into two compartments and what are those compartments
ER luminal comp. ( inside ER) extra-luminal (cytoplasm)
30
major synthesis of lipids
SER
31
synthesis of steroidal hormones
SER
32
densely stained reticular structure can attribute to
presence of golgi bodies
33
diameter of cisternae of golgi bodies
0.5 - 1 micrometer
34
site of formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids
golgi bodies
35
lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes are optically active at a) acidic pH b) basic pH c) all kinds of pH
Acidic pH
36
lysosomes are formed by -
the process of packaging in the golgi apparatus
37
components of vacuole
water sap excretory products other useless shit
38
in prokaryotes, ribosomes are associated with the _ of the cell
plasma membrane
39
size of typical eukaryotic cell typical bacteria PPLA viruses mycoplasma
10-20 micrometer 1-2 micrometer about 0.1 micrometer 0.02-0.2 micrometer 0.3 micrometer
40
ability of protein to move laterally within the lipid bilayer is measured as its
fluidity
41
integral or peripheral protein classification is made on the basis of
ease of extraction
42
golgi bodies : cristae is this comparison correct??
no,, it's cisternae not cristae
43
caretenoid pigments are found in
chloroplast and chromoplast
44
genomic DNA of prokaryotes
singular double stranded circular
45
plasmid DNA
double stranded & circular
46
scientist that observed that all plants are composed of different kinds of cells that make up a tissue
M . Schleiden
47
can glycocalyx interact with the outer environment? which layer of the bacterial cell envelope interacts with the outer environment?
no, it can't, because it's non- living and so is the cell wall. so cell membrane is the only layer of the cell envelope which interacts with the outer environment
47
can glycocalyx interact with the outer environment? which layer of the bacterial cell envelope interacts with the outer environment?
no, it can't, because it's non- living and so is the cell wall. so cell membrane is the only layer of the cell envelope which interacts with the outer environment
48
cell wall is non- living,, even so it helps in establishing a cell-to-cell interaction b/w adjacent cells,, how?
through plasmodesmata,, (they are living substances)
49
cell wall is formed by living _
protoplast
50
cell wall is formed by living _
protoplast
51
tertiary cell wall is present in the _ of _
tracheids of gymnosperms
52
out of prokaryos and eukaryos, which replicates more rapidly?
prokaryotes
53
all eukaryotic cells are not identical organization of prokaryotic cells are fundamentally different even though prokaryotes exhibit wide range of shapes and sizes
remember the statements 3>
54
function of mitochondria in prokaryotes is done by _
mesosome
55
common layer of two plant cells
middle lamella
56
what is the outermost layer in a plant cell
middle lamella
57
cytoplasmic connection between two plant cells
plasmodesmata
58
living structure of non-living cell wall
plasmodesmata
59
plasmodesmata is present in the _ of cell wall
pit
60
cell membrane is _ permeable
selectively

cell biology (2 decks)

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