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cell Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

description of a live cell was first given by?

A

antom von leeuwenhoeak

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2
Q

discovery of nucleus

A

robert brown

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3
Q

the hypothesis that the bodies of plants and animals are made up of cells and products of cells is given by

A

theodore schwann, a british zoologist

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4
Q

main arena of cellular activities in all types of cells

A

cytoplasm

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5
Q

non- membrane bound organelles

A

ribosomes (found in all cells, prokaryo and eukaryo)
centriole

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6
Q

presence of ribosomes

A

; in all types of cells
; organelle within organelle (chloroplast and mitochondria)
; on rough ER
; in cytoplasm as well

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7
Q

length of mycoplasma and bacteria

A

0.3 micrometre
3-5 micrometre

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8
Q

diametre of human RBC

A

7 micrometer

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9
Q

genetic material of prokaryotics

A

basically naked
not enveloped by a nuclear envelope
single chromosome / circular DNA
double stranded

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10
Q

plasmids

A

small circular DNA outside genomic DNA
; confers certain PHENOTYPIC characters to bacteria (ex- resistance to antibiotics)

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11
Q

what kind of DNA is used to monitor bacterial transformation in foreign DNA

A

plasmid

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12
Q

special charachteristic of prokaryotic orgaisms

A
  • inclusion
    ; mesosome- essentially infoldings of cell membranes
  • specialzied differentiated forms of cell membrane
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13
Q

functions of mesosome

A

cell wall formation
DNA replication & distribution to daughter cells
respiration
secretion
increase in SA of plasma membrane & enzymatic content

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14
Q

membranous extension in cyanobacteria

A

chromatophores (contains pigments)

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15
Q

bacterial flaggelum is made up of three parts-

A

filament, hook and basal body
filament is the longest structure and extends from the cell surface to the outside

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16
Q

inclusion bodies

A

unique feature of prokaryotes
reserve material is stored in the cytoplasm in the form of inclusion bodies
not bound by any membrane
ex- phosphate granules
cyanophycean granules
glycogen granules
gas vacuoles are found in blue green and purple green photosynthetic bacteria

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17
Q

plastids are found in
a) animal cells
b) plant cells
c) both

A

plant cells only

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18
Q

peroxisome is found in

A

plant cell

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19
Q

peroxiome is found in

A

animal cell

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20
Q

the lipid component of cell membrane mainly consist of

A

phosphoglycerides

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21
Q

in human beings the membrane of the RBC have _ % protein and _ % lipids

A

52% protein
40% lipids

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22
Q

composition of cell membrane

A

composed of lipids arranged in a bilayer
also contain protein and carbs

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23
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

given by singer and nicolson
;; acc to this model, the quasi fluid nature of LIPID enables lateral movement of proteins within the overall bilayer

thefluidityofthemembraneisbecauseoflipids

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24
Q

the fluid nature of cell membrane helps to enhance what functions

A

cell growth
formation of intercellular junction
secretion
endocytosis
cell division

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25
Q

algal cell wall composition

A

cellulose
galactan
mannan
CaCO3

26
Q

plant cell wall composition

A

cellulose
hemicellulose
pectins
proteins

27
Q

the cell wall and _ may be transversed by _ which connects the _ of neighboring cells

A

middle lamella
plasmodesmata
cytoplasm

28
Q

endomembrane system

A

ER
golgi apparatus
vacuoles
lysosomes

29
Q

which endomembrane system divides the intracellular space into two compartments and what are those compartments

A

ER
luminal comp. ( inside ER)
extra-luminal (cytoplasm)

30
Q

major synthesis of lipids

A

SER

31
Q

synthesis of steroidal hormones

A

SER

32
Q

densely stained reticular structure can attribute to

A

presence of golgi bodies

33
Q

diameter of cisternae of golgi bodies

A

0.5 - 1 micrometer

34
Q

site of formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids

A

golgi bodies

35
Q

lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes are optically active at
a) acidic pH
b) basic pH
c) all kinds of pH

A

Acidic pH

36
Q

lysosomes are formed by -

A

the process of packaging in the golgi apparatus

37
Q

components of vacuole

A

water
sap
excretory products
other useless shit

38
Q

in prokaryotes, ribosomes are associated with the _ of the cell

A

plasma membrane

39
Q

size of typical eukaryotic cell
typical bacteria
PPLA
viruses
mycoplasma

A

10-20 micrometer
1-2 micrometer
about 0.1 micrometer
0.02-0.2 micrometer
0.3 micrometer

40
Q

ability of protein to move laterally within the lipid bilayer is measured as its

A

fluidity

41
Q

integral or peripheral protein classification is made on the basis of

A

ease of extraction

42
Q

golgi bodies : cristae

is this comparison correct??

A

no,, it’s cisternae not cristae

43
Q

caretenoid pigments are found in

A

chloroplast and chromoplast

44
Q

genomic DNA of prokaryotes

A

singular
double stranded
circular

45
Q

plasmid DNA

A

double stranded & circular

46
Q

scientist that observed that all plants are composed of different kinds of
cells that make up a tissue

A

M . Schleiden

47
Q

can glycocalyx interact with the outer environment?
which layer of the bacterial cell envelope interacts with the outer environment?

A

no, it can’t, because it’s non- living and so is the cell wall.
so cell membrane is the only layer of the cell envelope which interacts with the outer environment

47
Q

can glycocalyx interact with the outer environment?
which layer of the bacterial cell envelope interacts with the outer environment?

A

no, it can’t, because it’s non- living and so is the cell wall.
so cell membrane is the only layer of the cell envelope which interacts with the outer environment

48
Q

cell wall is non- living,, even so it helps in establishing a cell-to-cell interaction b/w
adjacent cells,, how?

A

through plasmodesmata,, (they are living substances)

49
Q

cell wall is formed by living _

A

protoplast

50
Q

cell wall is formed by living _

A

protoplast

51
Q

tertiary cell wall is present in the _ of _

A

tracheids of gymnosperms

52
Q

out of prokaryos and eukaryos, which replicates more rapidly?

A

prokaryotes

53
Q

all eukaryotic cells are not identical
organization of prokaryotic cells are fundamentally different even though prokaryotes exhibit wide range of shapes and sizes

A

remember the statements 3>

54
Q

function of mitochondria in prokaryotes is done by _

A

mesosome

55
Q

common layer of two plant cells

A

middle lamella

56
Q

what is the outermost layer in a plant cell

A

middle lamella

57
Q

cytoplasmic connection between two plant cells

A

plasmodesmata

58
Q

living structure of non-living cell wall

A

plasmodesmata

59
Q

plasmodesmata is present in the _ of cell wall

A

pit

60
Q

cell membrane is _ permeable

A

selectively

cell biology (2 decks)

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