Cell

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

organizational unit of all living things

Question 2

The one thing that all cells have in common is……

Answer 2

membrane (semi permeable plastic bag

Question 3

composition of cell membrane:

Answer 3

phospholipids, transport holes (made out of proteins), the cell is filled w/ cytoplasm or cytosol.

Question 4

All cells have:

Answer 4

DNA, RNA, and can synthesize protein

Question 5

life begins:

Answer 5

a single cell

Question 6

Group of cell:

Answer 6

tissues

Question 7

group of tissues:

Answer 7

organs

Question 8

Group of organs

Answer 8

systems

Question 9

group of systems

Answer 9

organism: a complete individual

Question 10

Ribosome:

Answer 10

synthesize proteins from amino acids, they are numerous, make up a quarter of a cell. Some are free and some are attached to rough ER

Question 11

Golgi complex:

Answer 11

synthesize proteins that are transported out of the cell. located near the nucleus and consists of layers of membranes

Question 12

Vacuoles
Plant cell vacuoles: 1 large vacuole
Animal cell: small, and sometimes numerous

Answer 12

storage, digestions, and waste removal

Question 13

vesicles:

Answer 13

small organelles within a cell. function: moving materials w/in cells

Question 14

cytoskeleton:

Answer 14

consists of microtubules: help shape and support the cell. microtubules made up of protein.

Question 15

Cytosol: cytoplasm is the general term that refers to the cytosol and the substructures. found w/in the plasma membrane, but not within the nucleus. X

Answer 15

liquid material in the cell. mostly water, and some floating molecules

Question 16

Cell membrane (plasma membrane):

Answer 16

acts as a barrier, it keeps inside of the cell inside and outside of the cell outside. It determines what to enter and what to exit the cell.

Question 17

Endoplasmic Reticulum:

Answer 17

two types: rough ER, smooth ER (no ribosomes). It’s a tubular network that comprises the transport system of a cell. It fused to the nuclear membrane and extends through the cytoplasm to the cell membrane.

Question 18

mitochondrion: plural for mitochondria

Answer 18

this cell structures: have different size and quantity. generating ATP, involved in cell growth and death. Contains their own DNA (different than the one in the nucleus).

Functions of mitochondria: production of cell energy, cell signaling (how communications are carried out w/in a cell, cellular differentiation, cell cycle and growth regulation. (eukaryotic cell: can have hundreds or thousands of mitochondria).

Structure: inner and outer membrane. inner membrane encloses the matrix (contains michondrial DNA (mtDNA) and ribosomes. b/w inner and outer membranes are folds (cristea).

: chemical reaction occurs in the mitochondrial, control water levels in cells, recycle and create proteins and fats. Aerobic respiration also occurs in the mitochondria.

Question 19

Animal cell structure:
centrosome: contains centroiles (located at right angles to each other) surrounded by protein. The centrosome is involved in mitosis and the cell cycle.
Centrioles:

Answer 19

cylinder-shaped structures near the nucleus that are involved in cellular division. Centroiles occur in pairs. (each cylinder shaped consist of 9 groups of 3 microtubules)

Question 20

Lysosome:

Answer 20

• digests proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
• transport undigested substances to the cell membrane to be removed from the cell.
• the shape of the lysosome depends on the material being transported.

Question 21

Cilia (singular cilium):

Answer 21

appendages that extend from the surface of the cell. responsible for the movement of the cell.

Flagella: longer, less in quantity, whip-liek movement.

Question 22

Nuclear parts of a cell
nucleus (plural nuclei): nucleolus, it contains chromosomes that regulate the DNA of the cell. nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, nuclear pore, chromatin, ribosomes.

Chromosomes: highly condensed, threadlike rods of DNA. short for deoxyribonucleic acid,
Chromatin:

Answer 22

consists of the DNA and protein that make up chromosomes.

Question 23

Nucleolus: w/in the nucleus, consists of protein. It’s small, round, does not have a membrane, is involved in protein synthesis, synthesized and stores RNA (ribonucleic acid). (synthesize two things: protein, RNA)

Nuclear envelope: encloses the structure of the nucleus. inner and outer membrane: made of lipids.
nuclear pores: allows the exchange of materials b/w the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Nucleoplasm: liquid w/in the nucleus, similar to the cytoplasm.

Question 24

Cell membrane: plasma membrane. semipermable membrane, made up of lipids and proteins.