CEH part 2 Flashcards
Ethical hacker Jane Doe is attempting to crack the password of the head of the IT department of ABC company. She is utilizing a rainbow table and notices upon entering a password that extra characters are added to the
password after submitting. What countermeasure is the company using to protect against rainbow tables?
Password salting
Password hashing
Password key hashing
Account lockout
Password salting
Attacker Lauren has gained the credentials of an organization’s internal server system, and she was often logging
in during irregular times to monitor the network activities. The organization was skeptical about the login times and
appointed security professional Robert to determine the issue. Robert analyzed the compromised device to find
incident details such as the type of attack, its severity, target, impact, method of propagation, and vulnerabilities
exploited.
What is the incident handling and response (IH&R) phase, in which Robert has determined these issues?
Preparation
Eradication
Incident recording and assignment
Incident triage
Incident triage
George is a security professional working for iTech Solutions. He was tasked with securely transferring sensitive data of the organization between industrial systems. In this process, he used a short-range communication protocol
based on the IEEE 203.15.4 standard. This protocol is used in devices that transfer data infrequently at a low rate in a restricted area, within a range of 10–100 m. What is the short-range wireless communication technology George employed in the above scenario?
NB-IoT
MQTT
LPWAN
Zigbee
Zigbee
Taylor, a security professional, uses a tool to monitor her company’s website, analyze the website’s traffic, and
track the geographical location of the users visiting the company’s website.
Which of the following tools did Taylor employ in the above scenario?
WebSite-Watcher
Webroot
Web-Stat
WAFW00F
Web-Stat
Mr. Omkar performed tool-based vulnerability assessment and found two vulnerabilities. During further analysis, he found that those issues are not true vulnerabilities. What will you call these issues?
False positives
True negatives
False negatives
True positives
False positives
Gilbert, a web developer, uses a centralized web API to reduce complexity and increase the integrity of updating
and changing data. For this purpose, he uses a web service that uses HTTP methods such as PUT, POST, GET, and
DELETE and can improve the overall performance, visibility, scalability, reliability, and portability of an application.
What is the type of web-service API mentioned in the above scenario?
RESTful API
REST API
JSON-RPC
SOAP API
RESTful API
Jason, an attacker, targeted an organization to perform an attack on its Internet-facing web server with the
intention of gaining access to backend servers, which are protected by a firewall. In this process, he used a URL
https://xyz.com/feed.php?url=externalsite.com/feed/to to obtain a remote feed and altered the URL input to the local
host to view all the local resources on the target server.
What is the type of attack Jason performed in the above scenario?
Web cache poisoning attack
Web server misconfiguration
Server-side request forgery (SSRF) attack
Website defacement
Server-side request forgery (SSRF) attack
Widespread fraud at Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco led to the creation of a law that was designed to improve the
accuracy and accountability of corporate disclosures. It covers accounting firms and third parties that provide
financial services to some organizations and came into effect in 2002. This law is known by what acronym?
PCI DSS
HIPAA
FedRAMP
SOX
SOX
Bob was recently hired by a medical company after it experienced a major cyber security breach. Many patients
are complaining that their personal medical records are fully exposed on the Internet and someone can find them
with a simple Google search. Bob’s boss is very worried because of regulations that protect those data.
Which of the following regulations is mostly violated?
PII
ISO 2002
HIPPA/PHI
PCI DSS
HIPPA/PHI
Sam is a penetration tester hired by Inception Tech, a security organization. He was asked to perform port
scanning on a target host in the network. While performing the given task, Sam sends FIN/ACK probes and
determines that an RST packet is sent in response by the target host, indicating that the port is closed.
What is the port scanning technique used by Sam to discover open ports?
IDLE/IPID header scan
Xmas scan
TCP Maimon scan
ACK flag probe scan
TCP Maimon scan
A newly joined employee, Janet, has been allocated an existing system used by a previous employee. Before
issuing the system to Janet, it was assessed by Martin, the administrator. Martin found that there were possibilities
of compromise through user directories, registries, and other system parameters. He also identified vulnerabilities
such as native configuration tables, incorrect registry or file permissions, and software configuration errors.
What is the type of vulnerability assessment performed by Martin?
Credentialed assessment
Database assessment
Host-based assessment
Distributed assessment
Database assessment
John, a professional hacker, performs a network attack on a renowned organization and gains unauthorized
access to the target network. He remains in the network without being detected for a long time and obtains sensitive
information without sabotaging the organization.
Which of the following attack techniques is used by John?
Spear-phishing sites
Advanced persistent threat
Insider threat
Diversion theft
Advanced persistent threat
Jane, an ethical hacker, is testing a target organization’s web server and website to identify security loopholes. In
this process, she copied the entire website and its content on a local drive to view the complete profile of the site’s
directory structure, file structure, external links, images, web pages, and so on. This information helps Jane map the
website’s directories and gain valuable information.
What is the attack technique employed by Jane in the above scenario?
Website mirroring
Web cache poisoning
Session hijacking
Website defacement
Website mirroring
In this attack, an adversary tricks a victim into reinstalling an already-in-use key. This is achieved by manipulating
and replaying cryptographic handshake messages. When the victim reinstalls the key, associated parameters such as
the incremental transmit packet number and receive packet number are reset to their initial values. What is this
attack called?
Chop chop attack
Evil twin
KRACK
Wardriving
KRACK
If you send a TCP ACK segment to a known closed port on a firewall but it does not respond with an RST, what do you know about the firewall you are scanning?
It is a non-stateful firewall.
There is no firewall in place.
It is a stateful firewall.
This event does not tell you anything about the firewall.
It is a stateful firewall.
Which iOS jailbreaking technique patches the kernel during the device boot so that it becomes jailbroken after
each successive reboot?
Semi-untethered Jailbreaking
Tethered jailbreaking
Semi-tethered Jailbreaking
Untethered jailbreaking
Untethered jailbreaking
Garry is a network administrator in an organization. He uses SNMP to manage networked devices from a remote
location. To manage nodes in the network, he uses MIB, which contains formal descriptions of all network objects
managed by SNMP. He accesses the contents of MIB by using a web browser either by entering the IP address and
Lseries.mib or by entering the DNS library name and Lseries.mib. He is currently retrieving information from an MIB
that contains object types for workstations and server services.
Which of the following types of MIB is accessed by Garry in the above scenario?
LNMIB2.MIB
MIB_II.MIB
DHCP.MIB
WINS.MIB
LNMIB2.MIB
Clark, a professional hacker, was hired by an organization to gather sensitive information about its competitors
surreptitiously. Clark gathers the server IP address of the target organization using Whois footprinting. Further, he
entered the server IP address as an input to an online tool to retrieve information such as the network range of the
target organization and to identify the network topology and operating system used in the network.
What is the online tool employed by Clark in the above scenario?
AOL
ARIN
DuckDuckGo
Baidu
ARIN
Jim is a professional hacker. He created and configured multiple domains pointing to the same host to switch quickly between
the domains and avoid detection. Identify the behavior of the adversary in the above scenario.
Unspecified proxy activities
Use of DNS tunneling
Data staging
Use of command-line interface
Use of DNS tunneling
You are a penetration tester tasked with testing the wireless network of your client Brakeme SA. You are
attempting to break into the wireless network with the SSID “Brakeme-Internal.” You realize that this network uses
WPA3 encryption. Which of the following vulnerabilities is a promising to exploit which might work?
Cross-site request forgery
Dragonblood
AP misconfiguration
Key reinstallation attack
Dragonblood
Henry is a cyber security specialist hired by BlackEye – Cyber Security Solutions. He was tasked with discovering
the operating system (OS) of a host. He used the Unicornscan tool to discover the OS of the target system. As a
result, he obtained a TTL value, which indicates that the target system is running a Windows OS.
Identify the TTL value Henry obtained, which indicates that the target OS is Windows.
128
64
255
138
128
Andrew is an Ethical Hacker who was assigned the task of discovering all the active devices hidden by a restrictive firewall in the IPv4 range in a given target network. Which of the following host discovery techniques must he use to perform the given task?
ARP ping scan
ACK flag probe scan
TCP Maimon scan
UDP scan
ARP ping scan
Ralph, a professional hacker, targeted Jane, who had recently bought new systems for her company. After a few
days, Ralph contacted Jane while masquerading as a legitimate customer support executive, informing that her
systems need to be serviced for proper functioning and that customer support will send a computer technician. Jane
promptly replied positively. Ralph entered Jane’s company using this opportunity and gathered sensitive information
by scanning terminals for passwords, searching for important documents in desks, and rummaging bins. What is the
type of attack technique Ralph used on Jane?
Dumpster diving
Impersonation
Eavesdropping
Shoulder surfing
Impersonation
In an attempt to increase the security of your network, you implement a solution that will help keep your wireless
network undiscoverable and accessible only to those that know it.
How do you accomplish this?
Lock all users
Delete the wireless network
Remove all passwords
Disable SSID broadcasting
Disable SSID broadcasting
Jane invites her friends Alice and John over for a LAN party. Alice and John access Jane’s wireless network
without a password. However, Jane has a long, complex password on her router. What attack has likely occurred?
Wardriving
Wireless sniffing
Piggybacking
Evil twin
Evil twin
Which file is a rich target to discover the structure of a website during web-server footprinting?
Document root
index.html
Robots.txt
domain.txt
Robots.txt
John, a professional hacker, targeted an organization that uses LDAP for accessing distributed directory services.
He used an automated tool to anonymously query the LDAP service for sensitive information such as usernames,
addresses, departmental details, and server names to launch further attacks on the target organization.
What is the tool employed by John to gather information from the LDAP service?
Zabasearch
ike-scan
JXplorer
EarthExplorer
JXplorer
Sam, a professional hacker, targeted an organization with intention of compromising AWS IAM credentials. He attempted to lure one of the employees of the organization by initiating fake calls while posing as a legitimate employee. Moreover, he sent phishing emails to steal the AWS IAM credentials and further compromise the employee’s account. What is the technique used by Sam to compromise the AWS IAM credentials?
Insider threat
Social engineering
Reverse engineering
Password reuse
Social engineering
This form of encryption algorithm is a symmetric key block cipher that is characterized by a 128-bit block size, and
its key size can be up to 256 bits. Which among the following is this encryption algorithm?
IDEA
Twofish encryption algorithm
Blowfish encryption algorithm
HMAC encryption algorithm
IDEA
Bob, an attacker, has managed to access a target IoT device. He employed an online tool to gather information
related to the model of the IoT device and the certifications granted to it.
Which of the following tools did Bob employ to gather the above information?
search.com
EarthExplorer
Google image search
FCC ID search
FCC ID search
Alice needs to send a confidential document to her coworker, Bryan. Their company has public key infrastructure set up. Therefore, Alice both encrypts the message and digitally signs it. Alice uses __________ to encrypt the message, and Bryan uses _______________ to confirm the digital signature.
Bryan’s private key; Alice’s public key
Alice’s public key; Alice’s public key
Bryan’s public key; Bryan’s public key
Bryan’s public key; Alice’s public key
Bryan’s public key; Alice’s public key
David is a security professional working in an organization, and he is implementing a vulnerability management
program in the organization to evaluate and control the risks and vulnerabilities in its IT infrastructure. He is
currently executing the process of applying fixes on vulnerable systems to reduce the impact and severity of
vulnerabilities.
Which phase of the vulnerability-management life cycle is David currently in?
Risk assessment
Remediation
Verification
Vulnerability scan
Remediation
There are multiple cloud deployment options depending on how isolated a customer’s resources are from those
of other customers. Shared environments share the costs and allow each customer to enjoy lower operations
expenses. One solution is for a customer to join with a group of users or organizations to share a cloud environment.
What is this cloud deployment option called?
Private
Hybrid
Public
Community
Community
An organization has automated the operation of critical infrastructure from a remote location. For this purpose, all
the industrial control systems are connected to the Internet. To empower the manufacturing process, ensure the
reliability of industrial networks, and reduce downtime and service disruption, the organization decided to install an
OT security tool that further protects against security incidents such as cyber espionage, zero-day attacks, and
malware.
Which of the following tools must the organization employ to protect its critical infrastructure?
BalenaCloud
Flowmon
Robotium
IntentFuzzer
Flowmon
What are common files on a web server that can be misconfigured and provide useful information for a hacker
such as verbose error messages?
administration. config
idq. dll
httpd. conf
php. ini
httpd.conf
To invisibly maintain access to a machine, an attacker utilizes a rootkit that sits undetected in the core components of the operating system. What is this type of rootkit an example of?
Firmware rootkit
Hardware rootkit
Kernel rootkit
Hypervisor rootkit
Kernel rootkit
Which of the following information security controls creates an appealing isolated environment for hackers to
prevent them from compromising critical targets while simultaneously gathering information about the hacker?
Firewall
Intrusion detection system
Honeypot
Botnet
Honeypot
Sam is working as a system administrator in an organization. He captured the principal characteristics of a
vulnerability and produced a numerical score to reflect its severity using CVSS v3.0 to properly assess and prioritize
the organization’s vulnerability management processes. The base score that Sam obtained after performing CVSS
rating was 4.0.
What is the CVSS severity level of the vulnerability discovered by Sam in the above scenario?
Low
Medium
Critical
High
Medium
Bill is a network administrator. He wants to eliminate unencrypted traffic inside his company’s network. He decides to setup a SPAN port and capture all traffic to the datacenter. He immediately discovers unencrypted traffic in port UDP 161. What protocol is this port using and how can he secure that traffic?
SNMP and he should change it to SNMP V3
It is not necessary to perform any actions, as SNMP is not carrying important information.
RPC and the best practice is to disable RPC completely
SNMP and he should change it to SNMP V2, which is encrypted
SNMP and he should change it to SNMP V3
Larry, a security professional in an organization, has noticed some abnormalities in the user accounts on a web
server. To thwart evolving attacks, he decided to harden the security of the web server by adopting a few
countermeasures to secure the accounts on the web server.
Which of the following countermeasures must Larry implement to secure the user accounts on the web server?
Limit the administrator or root-level access to the minimum number of users
Enable all non-interactive accounts that should exist but do not require interactive login
Enable unused default user accounts created during the installation of an OS
Retain all unused modules and application extensions
Limit the administrator or root-level access to the minimum number of users
Jay turns on his home computer to access personal online banking. When he enters the URL www.bank.com, the website is displayed, but it prompts him to re-enter his credentials as if he has never visited the site before. When he examines the website URL closer, he finds that the site is not secure and the web address appears different. What type of attack he is experiencing?
DoS attack
DHCP spoofing
DNS hijacking
ARP cache poisoning
DNS hijacking
What would be the fastest way to perform content enumeration on a given web server by using the Gobuster tool?
Skipping SSL certificate verification
Performing content enumeration using the bruteforce mode and 10 threads
Performing content enumeration using the bruteforce mode and random file extensions
Performing content enumeration using a wordlist
Performing content enumeration using the bruteforce mode and 10 threads
Ricardo has discovered the username for an application in his target’s environment. As he has a limited amount of time, he decides to attempt to use a list of common passwords he found on the Internet. He compiles them into a
list and then feeds that list as an argument into his password-cracking application. What type of attack is Ricardo performing?
Known plaintext
Dictionary
Brute force
Password spraying
Dictionary
Robin, an attacker, is attempting to bypass the firewalls of an organization through the DNS tunneling method in order to exfiltrate data. He is using the NSTX tool for bypassing the firewalls. On which of the following ports should Robin run the NSTX tool?
Port 80
Port 53
Port 50
Port 23
Port 53
Joe works as an IT administrator in an organization and has recently set up a cloud computing service for the
organization. To implement this service, he reached out to a telecom company for providing Internet connectivity and
transport services between the organization and the cloud service provider.
In the NIST cloud deployment reference architecture, under which category does the telecom company fall in the
above scenario?
Cloud consumer
Cloud auditor
Cloud carrier
Cloud broker
Cloud carrier
Ethical hacker Jane Smith is attempting to perform an SQL injection attack. She wants to test the response time of
a true or false response and wants to use a second command to determine whether the database will return true or
false results for user IDs.
Which two SQL injection types would give her the results she is looking for?
Out of band and boolean-based
Time-based and union-based
Time-based and boolean-based
Union-based and error-based
Union-based and error-based
What piece of hardware on a computer’s motherboard generates encryption keys and only releases a part of the
key so that decrypting a disk on a new piece of hardware is not possible?
TPM
CPU
GPU
UEFI
TPM
A DDoS attack is performed at layer 7 to take down web infrastructure. Partial HTTP requests are sent to the web
infrastructure or applications. Upon receiving a partial request, the target servers opens multiple connections and
keeps waiting for the requests to complete.
Which attack is being described here?
Slowloris attack
Session splicing
Phlashing
Desynchronization
Slowloris attack
In order to tailor your tests during a web-application scan, you decide to determine which web-server version is hosting the application. On using the sV flag with Nmap, you obtain the following response:
80/tcp open http-proxy Apache Server 7.1.6
What information-gathering technique does this best describe?
WHOIS lookup
Banner grabbing
Dictionary attack
Brute forcing
Banner grabbing
What firewall evasion scanning technique make use of a zombie system that has low network activity as well as its
fragment identification numbers?
Spoof source address scanning
Idle scanning
Packet fragmentation scanning
Decoy scanning
Idle scanning
Nicolas just found a vulnerability on a public-facing system that is considered a zero-day vulnerability. He sent an
email to the owner of the public system describing the problem and how the owner can protect themselves from that
vulnerability. He also sent an email to Microsoft informing them of the problem that their systems are exposed to.
What type of hacker is Nicolas?
Red hat
Gray hat
White hat
Black hat
White hat
Gerard, a disgruntled ex-employee of Sunglass IT Solutions, targets this organization to perform sophisticated
attacks and bring down its reputation in the market. To launch the attacks process, he performed DNS footprinting to
gather information about DNS servers and to identify the hosts connected in the target network. He used an
automated tool that can retrieve information about DNS zone data including DNS domain names, computer names, IP
addresses, DNS records, and network Whois records. He further exploited this information to launch other
sophisticated attacks.
What is the tool employed by Gerard in the above scenario?
zANTI
Bluto
Knative
Towelroot
Bluto
A friend of yours tells you that he downloaded and executed a file that was sent to him by a coworker. Since the
file did nothing when executed, he asks you for help because he suspects that he may have installed a trojan on his
computer.
What tests would you perform to determine whether his computer is infected?
Use ExifTool and check for malicious content.
You do not check; rather, you immediately restore a previous snapshot of the operating system.
Use netstat and check for outgoing connections to strange IP addresses or domains.
Upload the file to VirusTotal.
Upload the file to VirusTotal.
Richard, an attacker, aimed to hack IoT devices connected to a target network. In this process, Richard recorded
the frequency required to share information between connected devices. After obtaining the frequency, he captured
the original data when commands were initiated by the connected devices. Once the original data were collected, he
used free tools such as URH to segregate the command sequence. Subsequently, he started injecting the
segregated command sequence on the same frequency into the IoT network, which repeats the captured signals of
the devices.
What is the type of attack performed by Richard in the above scenario?
Reconnaissance attack
Replay attack
Cryptanalysis attack
Side-channel attack
Replay attack
Security administrator John Smith has noticed abnormal amounts of traffic coming from local computers at night.
Upon reviewing, he finds that user data have been exfiltrated by an attacker. AV tools are unable to find any
malicious software, and the IDS/IPS has not reported on any non-whitelisted programs.
What type of malware did the attacker use to bypass the company’s application whitelisting?
File-less malware
malware
Logic bomb malware
Zero-day malware
File-less malware
Judy created a forum. One day, she discovers that a user is posting strange images without writing comments.
She immediately calls a security expert, who discovers that the following code is hidden behind those images:
document.write(‘<img></img>);
What issue occurred for the users who clicked on the image?
The code redirects the user to another site.
This php file silently executes the code and grabs the user’s session cookie and session ID.
The code injects a new cookie to the browser.
The code is a virus that is attempting to gather the user’s username and password.
This php file silently executes the code and grabs the user’s session cookie and session ID.
You are a penetration tester and are about to perform a scan on a specific server. The agreement that you
signed with the client contains the following specific condition for the scan: “The attacker must scan every port on
the server several times using a set of spoofed source IP addresses.” Suppose that you are using Nmap to perform
this scan. What flag will you use to satisfy this requirement?
The -D flag
The -f flag
The -g flag
The -A flag
The -D flag
Heather’s company has decided to use a new customer relationship management tool. After performing the
appropriate research, they decided to purchase a subscription to a cloud-hosted solution. The only administrative
task that Heather will need to perform is the management of user accounts. The provider will take care of the
hardware, operating system, and software administration including patching and monitoring. Which of the following is
this type of solution?
IaaS
CaaS
PaaS
SaaS
SaaS
Louis, a professional hacker, had used specialized tools or search engines to encrypt all his browsing activity
and navigate anonymously to obtain sensitive/hidden information about official government or federal databases.
After gathering the information, he successfully performed an attack on the target government organization without
being traced.
Which of the following techniques is described in the above scenario?
Website footprinting
VoIP footprinting
VPN footprinting
Dark web footprinting
Dark web footprinting
John is investigating web-application firewall logs and observers that someone is attempting to inject the following: char buff[10]; buff[10] = 'a'; What type of attack is this?
SQL injection
XSS
CSRF
Buffer overflow
Buffer overflow
Attacker Rony installed a rogue access point within an organization’s perimeter and attempted to intrude into its
internal network. Johnson, a security auditor, identified some unusual traffic in the internal network that is aimed at
cracking the authentication mechanism. He immediately turned off the targeted network and tested for any weak and
outdated security mechanisms that are open to attack.
What is the type of vulnerability assessment performed by Johnson in the above scenario?
Application assessment
Distributed assessment
Host-based assessment
Wireless network assessment
Host-based assessment
Abel, a security professional, conducts penetration testing in his client organization to check for any security
loopholes. He launched an attack on the DHCP servers by broadcasting forged DHCP requests and leased all the
DHCP addresses available in the DHCP scope until the server could not issue any more IP addresses. This led to a
DoS attack, and as a result, legitimate employees were unable to access the client’s network.
Which of the following attacks did Abel perform in the above scenario?
STP attack
Rogue DHCP server attack
DHCP starvation
VLAN hopping
DHCP starvation
John, a disgruntled ex-employee of an organization, contacted a professional hacker to exploit the organization.
In the attack process, the professional hacker installed a scanner on a machine belonging to one of the victims and
scanned several machines on the same network to identify vulnerabilities to perform further exploitation.
What is the type of vulnerability assessment tool employed by John in the above scenario?
Network-based scanner
Cluster scanner
Agent-based scanner
Proxy scanner
Agent-based scanner
What is the first step for a hacker conducting a DNS cache poisoning (DNS spoofing) attack against an
organization?
The attacker uses TCP to poison the DNS resolver
The attacker makes a request to the DNS resolver
The attacker forges a reply from the DNS resolver.
The attacker queries a nameserver using the DNS resolver
The attacker forges a reply from the DNS resolver.
You are a penetration tester working to test the user awareness of the employees of the client XYZ. You harvested two
employees’ emails from some public sources and are creating a client-side backdoor to send it to the employees via email.
Which stage of the cyber kill chain are you at?
Exploitation
Weaponization
Reconnaissance
Command and control
Weaponization
Samuel, a professional hacker, monitored and intercepted already established traffic between Bob and a host machine to predict Bob’s ISN. Using this ISN, Samuel sent spoofed packets with Bob’s IP address to the host machine.
The host machine responded with a packet having an incremented ISN. Consequently, Bob’s connection got hung,
and Samuel was able to communicate with the host machine on behalf of Bob.
What is the type of attack performed by Samuel in the above scenario?
TCP/IP hijacking
Blind hijacking
Forbidden attack
UDP hijacking
TCP/IP hijacking
By performing a penetration test, you gained access under a user account. During the test, you established a connection with your own machine via the SMB service and occasionally entered your login and password in plaintext.
Which file do you have to clean to clear the password?
.bash_history
.bashrc
.xsession-log
.profile
.bashrc
Infecting a system with malware and using phishing to gain credentials to a system or web application are
examples of which phase of the ethical hacking methodology?
Maintaining Access
Scanning
Gaining access
Reconnaissance
Maintaining Access
There have been concerns in your network that the wireless network component is not sufficiently secure. You
perform a vulnerability scan of the wireless network and find that it is using an old encryption protocol that was
designed to mimic wired encryption.
What encryption protocol is being used?
WPA3
WPA
WEP
RADIUS
WEP
Which of the following protocols can be used to secure an LDAP service against anonymous queries?
RADIUS
SSO
NTLM
WPA
RADIUS
Which type of virus can change its own code and then cipher itself multiple times as it replicates?
Cavity virus
Tunneling virus
Encryption virus
Stealth virus
Encryption virus
The network users are complaining because their systems are slowing down. Further, every time they attempt to
go to a website, they receive a series of pop-ups with advertisements. What type of malware have the systems been infected with?
Trojan
Adware
Spyware
Virus
Adware
Steve, an attacker, created a fake profile on a social media website and sent a request to Stella. Stella was
enthralled by Steve’s profile picture and the description given for his profile, and she initiated a conversation with
him soon after accepting the request. After a few days, Steve started asking about her company details and
eventually gathered all the essential information regarding her company.
What is the social engineering technique Steve employed in the above scenario?
Diversion theft
Baiting
Piggybacking
Honey trap
Baiting
Johnson, an attacker, performed online research for the contact details of reputed cybersecurity firms. He found
the contact number of sibertech.org and dialed the number, claiming himself to represent a technical support team
from a vendor. He warned that a specific server is about to be compromised and requested sibertech.org to follow
the provided instructions. Consequently, he prompted the victim to execute unusual commands and install malicious
files, which were then used to collect and pass critical information to Johnson’s machine.
What is the social engineering technique employed by Steve in the above scenario?
Diversion theft
Elicitation
Phishing
Quid pro quo
Quid pro quo
Suppose that you test an application for the SQL injection vulnerability. You know that the backend database is
based on Microsoft SQL Server. In the login/password form, you enter the following credentials:
Username: attack’ or 1=1 –
Password: 123456
Based on the above credentials, which of the following SQL commands are you expecting to be executed by the
server, if there is indeed an SQL injection vulnerability?
select * from Users where UserName = ‘attack’ ‘ or 1=1 – and UserPassword = ‘123456’
select * from Users where UserName = ‘attack’ or 1=1 –’ and UserPassword = ‘123456’
select * from Users where UserName = ‘attack or 1=1 – and UserPassword = ‘123456’
select * from Users where UserName = ‘attack’ or 1=1 – and UserPassword = ‘123456’
select * from Users where UserName = ‘attack’ or 1=1 –’ and UserPassword = ‘123456’
Which of the following commands checks for valid users on an SMTP server?
CHK
VRFY
RCPT
EXPN
VRFY
Consider the following Nmap output:
Starting Nmap X.XX (http://nmap.org) at XXX-XX-XX XX:XX EDT
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.42 Host is up (0.00023s latency).
Not shown: 932 filtered ports, 56 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
21/tcp open ftp
22/tcp open ssh
25/tcp open smtp
53/tcp open domain
80/tcp open http
110/tcp open pop3
143/tcp open imap
443/tcp open https
465/tcp open smtps
587/tcp open submission
993/tcp open imaps
995/tcp open pop3s
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 3.90 seconds
What command-line parameter could you use to determine the type and version number of the web server?
- sS
- Pn
- sV
- V
-sV
John, a professional hacker, decided to use DNS to perform data exfiltration on a target network. In this process,
he embedded malicious data into the DNS protocol packets that even DNSSEC cannot detect. Using this technique,
John successfully injected malware to bypass a firewall and maintained communication with the victim machine and
C&C server.
What is the technique employed by John to bypass the firewall?
DNS tunneling method
DNSSEC zone walking
DNS enumeration
DNS cache snooping
DNS tunneling method
A post-breach forensic investigation revealed that a known vulnerability in Apache Struts was to blame for the Equifax data breach that affected 143 million customers. A fix was available from the software vendor for several
months prior to the intrusion. This is likely a failure in which of the following security processes?
Patch management
Vendor risk management
Security awareness training
Secure development lifecycle
Patch management
Steven connected his iPhone to a public computer that had been infected by Clark, an attacker. After
establishing the connection with the public computer, Steven enabled iTunes Wi-Fi sync on the computer so that the
device could continue communication with that computer even after being physically disconnected. Now, Clark gains
access to Steven’s iPhone through the infected computer and is able to monitor and read all of Steven’s activity on
the iPhone, even after the device is out of the communication zone.
Which of the following attacks is performed by Clark in the above scenario?
iOS trustjacking
iOS jailbreaking
Exploiting SS7 vulnerability
Man-in-the-disk attack
iOS trustjacking
Don, a student, came across a gaming app in a third-party app store and installed it. Subsequently, all the
legitimate apps in his smartphone were replaced by deceptive applications that appeared legitimate. He also
received many advertisements on his smartphone after installing the app.
What is the attack performed on Don in the above scenario?
Agent Smith attack
SMS phishing attack
SIM card attack
Clickjacking
Agent Smith attack
Techno Security Inc. recently hired John as a penetration tester. He was tasked with identifying open ports in the
target network and determining whether the ports are online and any firewall rule sets are encountered. John
decided to perform a TCP SYN ping scan on the target network.
Which of the following Nmap commands must John use to perform the TCP SYN ping scan?
nmap –sn –PA < target IP address >
nmap –sn –PO < target IP address >
nmap –sn –PP < target IP address >
nmap –sn –PS < target IP address >
nmap –sn –PS < target IP address >
Mason, a professional hacker, targets an organization and spreads Emotet malware through malicious script. After infecting
the vi device, Mason further used Emotet to spread the infection across local networks and beyond to compromise as many
machines as pos In this process, he used a tool, which is a self-extracting RAR file, to retrieve information related to network
resources such as writable drives.
What is the tool employed by Mason in the above scenario?
NetPass.exe
WebBrowserPassView
Credential enumerator
Outlook scraper
NetPass.exe
Which of the following tactics uses malicious code to redirect users’ web traffic?
Phishing
Pharming
Spear-phishing
Spimming
Pharming
Calvin, a grey-hat hacker, targets a web application that has design flaws in its authentication mechanism. He enumerates
usernames from the login form of the web application, which requests users to feed data and specifies the incorrect field in case of invalid credentials. Later, Calvin uses this information to perform social engineering. Which of the following design flaws in the
authentication mechanism is exploited by Calvin?
User impersonation
Password reset mechanism
Insecure transmission of credentials
Verbose failure messages
Verbose failure messages
Jacob works as a system administrator in an organization. He wants to extract the source code of a mobile application and
disassemble the application to analyze its design flaws. Using this technique, he wants to fix any bugs in the application, discover
underlying vulnerabilities, and improve defense strategies against attacks. What is the technique used by Jacob
in the above scenario to improve the security of the mobile application?
Social engineering
App sandboxing
Reverse Engineering
Jailbreaking
Reverse Engineering
A “Server-Side Includes” attack refers to the exploitation of a web application by injecting scripts in HTML pages or
executing arbitrary code remotely. Which web-page file type, if it exists on the web server, is a strong indication that the
server is vulnerable to this kind of attack?
.rss
.cms
.html
.stm
.stm
An organization decided to harden its security against web-application and web-server attacks. John, a security personnel in
the organization, employed a security scanner to automate web-application security testing and to guard the organization’s web
infrastructure against web-application threats. Using that tool, he also wants to detect XSS, directory transversal problems, fault
injection, SQL injection, attempts to execute commands, and several other attacks. Which
of the following security scanners will help John perform the above task?
Cisco ASA
Saleae Logic Analyzer
Syhunt Hybrid
AlienVault® OSSIMTM
Syhunt Hybrid
Juliet, a security researcher in an organization, was tasked with checking for the authenticity of images to be used in the
organization’s magazines. She used these images as a search query and tracked the original source and details of the images,
which included photographs, profile pictures, and memes. Which of the following footprinting
techniques did Rachel use to finish her task?
Meta search engines
Reverse image search
Advanced image search
Google advanced search
Reverse image search
An attacker utilizes a Wi-Fi Pineapple to run an access point with a legitimate-looking SSID for a nearby business in order to
capture the wireless password. What kind of attack is this?
War driving attack
Phishing attack
MAC spoofing attack
Evil-twin attack
Evil-twin attack
Morris, a professional hacker, performed a vulnerability scan on a target organization by sniffing the traffic on the network to
identify the active systems, network services, applications, and vulnerabilities. He also obtained the list of the users who are
currently accessing the network. What is the type of vulnerability assessment that Morris performed on the target organization?
Internal assessment
Passive assessment
Credentialed assessment
External assessment
Passive assessment
Sophia is a shopping enthusiast who spends significant time searching for trendy outfits online. Clark, an attacker, noticed her
activities several times and sent a fake email containing a deceptive page link to her social media page displaying all-new and
trendy outfits. In excitement, Sophia clicked on the malicious link and logged in to that page using her valid credentials. Which of
the following tools is employed by Clark to create the spoofed email?
PyLoris
Evilginx
Slowloris
PLCinject
Evilginx
Which of the following Google advanced search operators helps an attacker in gathering information about websites that are
similar to a specified target URL?
[site:]
[inurl:]
[info:]
[related:]
[related:]
While performing an Nmap scan against a host, Paola determines the existence of a firewall. In an attempt to determine
whether the firewall is stateful or stateless, which of the following options would be best to use?
- sA
- sT
- sF
- sX
-sA
_____ is a type of phishing that targets high-profile executives such as CEOs, CFOs, politicians, and celebrities who have
access to confidential and highly valuable information.
Whaling
Phishing
Vishing
Spear phishing
Whaling
George, an employee of an organization, is attempting to access restricted websites from an official computer. For this
purpose, he used an anonymizer that masked his real IP address and ensured complete and continuous anonymity for all his
online activities.Which of the following anonymizers helps George hide his activities?
http: //karmadecay.com
https: //www.wolframalpha.com
http: //www.guardster.com
https: //www.baidu.com
http://www.guardster.com
Lewis, a professional hacker, targeted the IoT cameras and devices used by a target venture-capital firm. He used an
information-gathering tool to collect information about the IoT devices connected to a network, open ports and services, and the
attack surface area. Using this tool, he also generated statistical reports on broad usage patterns and trends. This tool helped
Lewis continually monitor every reachable server and device on the Internet, further allowing him to exploit these devices in the
network.Which of the following tools was employed by Lewis in the above scenario?
Wapiti
Lacework
NeuVector
Censys
Censys
Andrew is an Ethical Hacker who was assigned the task of discovering all the active devices hidden by a restrictive firewall in
the IPv4 range in a given target network. Which of the following host discovery techniques must he use to perform the given task?
ARP ping scan
TCP Maimon scan
ACK flag probe scan
UDP scan
ARP ping scan
Tony is a penetration tester tasked with performing a penetration test. After gaining initial access to a target system, he
finds a list of hashed passwords. Which of the following tools would not be useful for cracking the hashed passwords?
netcat
THC-Hydra
John the Ripper
Hashcat
netcat
BitLocker encryption has been implemented for all the Windows-based computers in an organization. You are concerned that
someone might lose their cryptographic key. Therefore, a mechanism was implemented to recover the keys from Active Directory.
What is this mechanism called in cryptography?
Certificate rollover
Key escrow
Key renewal
Key archival
Key escrow
Larry, a security professional in an organization, has noticed some abnormalities in the user accounts on a web server. To
thwart evolving attacks, he decided to harden the security of the web server by adopting a few countermeasures to secure the
accounts on the web server. Which of the following countermeasures must Larry implement to secure the user accounts on the
web server?
Limit the administrator or root-level access to the minimum number of users
Enable unused default user accounts created during the installation of an OS
Enable all non-interactive accounts that should exist but do not require interactive login
Retain all unused modules and application extensions
Limit the administrator or root-level access to the minimum number of users
Harry, a professional hacker, targets the IT infrastructure of an organization. After preparing for the attack, he attempts to
enter the target network using techniques such as sending spear-phishing emails and exploiting vulnerabilities on publicly available
servers. Using these techniques, he successfully deployed malware on the target system to establish an outbound connection.
What is the APT lifecycle phase that Harry is currently executing?
Initial intrusion
Preparation
Persistence
Cleanup
Persistence
Leverox Solutions hired Arnold, a security professional, for the threat intelligence process. Arnold collected information about
specific threats against the organization. From this information, he retrieved contextual information about security events and
incidents that helped him disclose potential risks and gain insight into attacker methodologies. He collected the information from
sources such as humans, social media, and chat rooms as well as from events that resulted in cyberattacks. In this process, he
also prepared a report that includes identified malicious activities, recommended courses of action, and warnings for emerging
attacks. What is the type of threat intelligence collected by Arnold in the above scenario?
Technical threat intelligence
Operational threat intelligence
Tactical threat intelligence
Strategic threat intelligence
Operational threat intelligence
A security analyst uses Zenmap to perform an ICMP timestamp ping scan to acquire information related to the current
time from the target host machine. Which of the following Zenmap options must the analyst use to perform the ICMP
timestamp ping scan?
-PP
–PY
-Pn
-PU
-PP
Your organization has signed an agreement with a web hosting provider that requires you to take full responsibility of the
maintenance of the cloud-based resources. Which of the following models covers this?
Platform as a service
Infrastructure as a service
Software as a service
Functions as a service
Infrastructure as a service
Which of the following types of SQL injection attacks extends the results returned by the original query, enabling attackers to
run two or more statements if they have the same structure as the original one?
Boolean-based blind SQL injection
Error-based injection
Union SQL injection
Blind SQL injection
Union SQL injection
Hackers often raise the trust level of a phishing message by modeling the email to look similar to the internal email used by
the target company. This includes using logos, formatting, and names of the target company. The phishing message will often use
the name of the company CEO, President, or Managers. The time a hacker spends performing research to locate this information
about a company is known as?
Enumeration
Reconnaissance
Exploration
Investigation
Reconnaissance
Alex, a cloud security engineer working in Eyecloud Inc. is tasked with isolating applications from the underlying infrastructure
and stimulating communication via well- defined channels. For this purpose, he used an open-source technology that helped him in
developing, packaging, and running applications; further, the technology provides PaaS through OS-level virtualization, delivers
containerized software packages, and promotes fast software delivery. What is the cloud technology employed by Alex in the above
scenario?
Serverless computing
Docker
Zero trust network
Virtual machine
Docker
A penetration tester is performing the footprinting process and is reviewing publicly available information about an
organization by using the Google search engine. Which of the following advanced operators would allow the pen tester to
restrict the search to the organization’s web domain?
[site:]
[allinurl:]
[link:]
[location:]
[site:]
Roma is a member of a security team. She was tasked with protecting the internal network of an organization from imminent
threats. To accomplish this task, Roma fed threat intelligence into the security devices in a digital format to block and identify
inbound and outbound malicious traffic entering the organization’s network. Which type of threat intelligence is used by Roma to
secure the internal network?
Tactical threat intelligence
Strategic threat intelligence
Operational threat intelligence
Technical threat intelligence
Tactical threat intelligence
Mary, a penetration tester, has found password hashes in a client system she managed to breach. She needs to use these
passwords to continue with the test, but she does not have time to find the passwords that correspond to these hashes. Which type
of attack can she implement in order to continue?
Pass the hash
Pass the ticket
LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning
Internal monologue attack
Pass the hash
Stella, a professional hacker, performs an attack on web services by exploiting a vulnerability that provides additional routing
information in the SOAP header to support asynchronous communication. This further allows the transmission of web-service
requests and response messages using different TCP connections. Which of the following attack techniques is
used by Stella to compromise the web services?
SOAPAction spoofing
Web services parsing attacks
WS-Address spoofing
XML injection
WS-Address spoofing
Richard, an attacker, targets an MNC. In this process, he uses a footprinting technique to gather as much information as
possible. Using this technique, he gathers domain information such as the target domain name, contact details of its owner, expiry
date, and creation date. With this information, he creates a map of the organization’s network and misleads domain owners with
social engineering to obtain internal details of its network.What type of footprinting technique is employed by Richard?
VoIP footprinting
Email footprinting
VPN footprinting
Whois footprinting
Whois footprinting
Which type of malware spreads from one system to another or from one network to another and causes similar types of
damage as viruses do to the infected system?
Worm
Rootkit
Adware
Trojan
Worm
You are attempting to run an Nmap port scan on a web server. Which of the following commands would result in a scan of
common ports with the least amount of noise in order to evade IDS?
nmap -A – Pn
nmap -sT -O -T0
nmap -A –host-timeout 99 -T1
nmap -sP -p-65535 -T5
nmap -sT -O -T0
Jane invites her friends Alice and John over for a LAN party. Alice and John access Jane’s wireless network without a
password. However, Jane has a long, complex password on her router. What attack has likely occurred?
Wardriving
Piggybacking
Wireless sniffing
Evil twin
Evil twin
John, a professional hacker, targeted CyberSol Inc., an MNC. He decided to discover the IoT devices connected in the target
network that are using default credentials and are vulnerable to various hijacking attacks. For this purpose, he used an automated
tool to scan the target network for specific types of IoT devices and detect whether they are using the default,factory-set
credentials.What is the tool employed by John in the above scenario?
IoTSeeker
AT&T IoT Platform
IoT Inspector
Azure IoT Central
IoTSeeker
Kate dropped her phone and subsequently encountered an issue with the phone’s internal speaker. Thus, she is using the
phone’s loudspeaker for phone calls and other activities. Bob, an attacker, takes advantage of this vulnerability and secretly
exploits the hardware of Kate’s phone so that he can monitor the loudspeaker’s output from data sources such as voice assistants,
multimedia messages, and audio files by using a malicious app to breach speech privacy. What is the type of attack Bob performed
on Kate in the above scenario?
aLTEr attack
SIM card attack
Man-in-the-disk attack
Spearphone attack
Spearphone attack
Attacker Rony installed a rogue access point within an organization’s perimeter and attempted to intrude into its internal
network. Johnson, a security auditor, identified some unusual traffic in the internal network that is aimed at cracking the
authentication mechanism. He immediately turned off the targeted network and tested for any weak and outdated security
mechanisms that are open to attack. What is the type of vulnerability assessment performed by Johnson in the above scenario?
Application assessment
Host-based assessment
Distributed assessment
Wireless network assessment
Wireless network assessment
Bob, a system administrator at TPNQM SA, concluded one day that a DMZ is not needed if he properly configures the firewall
to allow access just to servers/ports, which can have direct internet access, and block the access to workstations. Bob also
concluded that DMZ makes sense just when a stateful firewall is available, which is not the case of TPNQM SA. In this context,what
can you say?
Bob is partially right. He does not need to separate networks if he can create rules by destination IPs, one by one.
Bob can be right since DMZ does not make sense when combined with stateless firewalls.
Bob is partially right. DMZ does not make sense when a stateless firewall is available.
Bob is totally wrong. DMZ is always relevant when the company has internet servers and workstations.
Bob is totally wrong. DMZ is always relevant when the company has internet servers and workstations.
James is working as an ethical hacker at Technix Solutions. The management ordered James to discover how vulnerable its
network is towards footprinting attacks. James took the help of an open-source framework for performing automated reconnaissance activities. This framework helped James in gathering information using free tools and resources.What is the framework used by James to conduct footprinting and reconnaissance activities?
SpeedPhish Framework
Browser Exploitation Framework
WebSploit Framework
OSINT framework
OSINT framework
Which wireless security protocol replaces the personal pre-shared key (PSK) authentication with Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) and is therefore resistant to offline dictionary attacks?
c WPA3-
Personal
ZigBee
WPA2-Enterprise
c WPA3-
Personal
To hide the file on a Linux system, you have to start the filename with a specific character.What is the character?
Period (.)
Tilde (~)
Underscore (_)
Exclamation mark (!)
Period (.)
Which is the first step followed by Vulnerability Scanners for scanning a network?
OS Detection
Firewall detection
Checking if the remote host is alive
TCP / UDP Port scanning
Checking if the remote host is alive
Jack, a professional hacker, targets an organization and performs vulnerability scanning on the target web server to identify
any possible weaknesses, vulnerabilities, and misconfigurations. In this process, Jack uses an automated tool that eases his work
and performs vulnerability scanning to find hosts, services, and other vulnerabilities in the target server.Which of the following
tools is used by Jack to perform vulnerability scanning?
NCollector Studio
Infoga
WebCopier Pro
Netsparker
Netsparker
Upon establishing his new startup, Tom hired a cloud service provider (CSP) but was dissatisfied with their service
and wanted to move to another CSP. What part of the contract might prevent him from doing so?
Lock-down
Lock-up
Virtualization
Lock-in
Lock-in
Kevin, an encryption specialist, implemented a technique that enhances the security of keys used for encryption and
authentication. Using this technique, Kevin input an initial key to an algorithm that generated an enhanced key that is resistant to
brute-force attacks.What is the technique employed by Kevin to improve the security of encryption keys?
Key reinstallation
Key derivation function
Key stretching
Public key infrastructure
Key stretching
Stephen, an attacker, targeted the industrial control systems of an organization. He generated a fraudulent email with a
malicious attachment and sent it to employees of the target organization. An employee who manages the sales software of the
operational plant opened the fraudulent email and clicked on the malicious attachment. This resulted in the malicious attachment
being downloaded and malware being injected into the sales software maintained in the victim’s system. Further, the malware
propagated itself to other networked systems, finally damaging the industrial automation components.What is the attack technique
used by Stephen to damage the industrial systems?
HMI-based attack
Reconnaissance attack
SMishing attack
Spear-phishing attack
Spear-phishing attack
What type of virus is most likely to remain undetected by antivirus software?
File-extension virus
Cavity virus
Stealth virus
Macro virus
Stealth virus
Rebecca, a security professional, wants to authenticate employees who use web services for safe and secure communication. In this process, she employs a component of the Web Service Architecture, which is an extension of SOAP, and it can maintain the
integrity and confidentiality of SOAP messages.Which of the following components of the Web Service Architecture is used by Rebecca for securing the communication?
WS-Security
WS-Policy
WSDL
WS-Work Processes
WS-Policy
Peter, a system administrator working at a reputed IT firm, decided to work from his home and login remotely. Later, he anticipated that the remote connection could be exposed to session hijacking. To curb this possibility, he implemented a technique
that creates a safe and encrypted tunnel over a public network to securely send and receive sensitive information and prevent hackers from decrypting the data flow between the endpoints.What is the technique followed by Peter to send files securely through a remote connection?
DMZ
SMB signing
Switch network
VPN
VPN
Attacker Simon targeted the communication network of an organization and disabled the security controls of NetNTLMv1 by modifying the values of LMCompatibilityLevel, NTLMMinClientSec, and RestrictSendingNTLMTraffic. He then extracted all the non-network logon tokens from all the active processes to masquerade as a legitimate user to launch further attacks. What is the type of attack performed by Simon?
Internal monologue attack
Combinator attack
Dictionary attack
Rainbow table attack
Internal monologue attack
Thomas, a cloud security professional, is performing security assessment on cloud services to identify any loopholes. He
detects a vulnerability in a bare-metal cloud server that can enable hackers to implant malicious backdoors in its firmware. He also
identified that an installed backdoor can persist even if the server is reallocated to new clients or businesses that use it as an IaaS.
What is the type of cloud attack that can be performed by exploiting the vulnerability discussed in the above scenario?
Cloud cryptojacking
Man-in-the-cloud (MITC) attack
Cloudborne attack
Metadata spoofing attack
Man-in-the-cloud (MITC) attack
Techno Security Inc. recently hired John as a penetration tester. He was tasked with identifying open ports in the target
network and determining whether the ports are online and any firewall rule sets are encountered. John decided to perform a TCP
SYN ping scan on the target network. Which of the following Nmap commands must John use to perform the TCP SYN ping scan?
nmap –sn –PO < target IP address >
nmap –sn –PA < target IP address >
nmap –sn –PS < target IP address >
nmap –sn –PP < target IP address >
nmap –sn –PS < target IP address >
Tony wants to integrate a 128-bit symmetric block cipher with key sizes of 128, 192, or 256 bits into a software program, which
involves 32 rounds of computational operations that include substitution and permutation operations on four 32-bit word blocks
using 8- variable S-boxes with 4-bit entry and 4-bit exit. Which of the following algorithms includes all the above features and can
be integrated by Tony into the software program?
RC5
CAST-128
Serpent
TEA
Serpent
When considering how an attacker may exploit a web server, what is web server footprinting?
When an attacker gathers system-level data, including account details and server names
When an attacker creates a complete profile of the site’s external links and file structures
When an attacker uses a brute-force attack to crack a web-server password
When an attacker implements a vulnerability scanner to identify weaknesses
When an attacker creates a complete profile of the site’s external links and file structures
Garry is a network administrator in an organization. He uses SNMP to manage networked devices from a remote location. To
manage nodes in the network, he uses MIB, which contains formal descriptions of all network objects managed by SNMP. He
accesses the contents of MIB by using a web browser either by entering the IP address and Lseries.mib or by entering the DNS
library name and Lseries.mib. He is currently retrieving information from an MIB that contains object types for workstations and
server services.Which of the following types of MIB is accessed by Garry in the above scenario?
MIB_II.MIB
LNMIB2.MIB
WINS.MIB
LNMIB2.MIB
Bill has been hired as a penetration tester and cyber security auditor for a major credit card company. Which information security standard is most applicable to his role?
FISMA
HITECH
Sarbanes–Oxley Act
PCI-DSS
PCI-DSS
Which among the following is the best example of the third step (delivery) in the cyber kill chain?
An intruder sends a malicious attachment via email to a target.
An intruder creates malware to be used as a malicious attachment to an email.
An intruder’s malware is triggered when a target opens a malicious email attachment.
An intruder’s malware is installed on a target’s machine.
An intruder sends a malicious attachment via email to a target.
Sam, a web developer, was instructed to incorporate a hybrid encryption software program into a web application to secure
email messages. Sam used an encryption software, which is a free implementation of the OpenPGP standard that uses both
symmetric-key cryptography and asymmetric-key cryptography for improved speed and secure key exchange. What is the
encryption software employed by Sam for securing the email messages?
SMTP
SIMP
S/MIME
GPG (GnuPGP)
GPG (GnuPGP)
What useful information is gathered during a successful Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) enumeration?
Reveals the daily outgoing message limits before mailboxes are locked
The internal command RCPT provides a list of ports open to message traffic.
A list of all mail proxy server addresses used by the targeted host
The two internal commands VRFY and EXPN provide a confirmation of valid users, email addresses, aliases, and mailing lists.
The two internal commands VRFY and EXPN provide a confirmation of valid users, email addresses, aliases, and mailing lists.
Mike, a security engineer, was recently hired by BigFox Ltd. The company recently experienced disastrous DoS attacks. The management had instructed Mike to build defensive strategies for the company’s IT infrastructure to thwart DoS/DDoS attacks.
Mike deployed some countermeasures to handle jamming and scrambling attacks. What is the countermeasure Mike applied to
defend against jamming and scrambling attacks?
Disable TCP SYN cookie protection
Implement cognitive radios in the physical layer
Allow the usage of functions such as gets and strcpy
Allow the transmission of all types of addressed packets at the ISP level
Implement cognitive radios in the physical layer
Jude, a pen tester, examined a network from a hacker’s perspective to identify exploits and vulnerabilities accessible to the
outside world by using devices such as firewalls, routers, and servers. In this process, he also estimated the threat of network
security attacks and determined the level of security of the corporate network. What is the type of vulnerability assessment that
Jude performed on the organization?
Application assessment
Host-based assessment
Passive assessment
External assessment
External assessment
Jude, a pen tester working in Keiltech Ltd., performs sophisticated security testing on his company’s network infrastructure to
identify security loopholes. In this process, he started to circumvent the network protection tools and firewalls used in the company.
He employed a technique that can create forged TCP sessions by carrying out multiple SYN, ACK, and RST or FIN packets.
Further, this process allowed Jude to execute DDoS attacks that can exhaust the network resources. What is the attack technique
used by Jude for finding loopholes in the above scenario?
Peer-to-peer attack
Ping-of-death attack
UDP flood attack
Spoofed session flood attack
Spoofed session flood attack
You have been authorized to perform a penetration test against a website. You want to use Google dorks to footprint the site
but only want results that show file extensions. What Google dork operator would you use?
filetype
site
inurl
ext
filetype
An attacker decided to crack the passwords used by industrial control systems. In this process, he employed a loop strategy
to recover these passwords. He used one character at a time to check whether the first character entered is correct; if so, he
continued the loop for consecutive characters. If not, he terminated the loop. Furthermore, the attacker checked how much time
the device took to finish one complete password authentication process, through which he deduced how many characters entered
are correct. What is the attack technique employed by the attacker to crack the passwords of the industrial control systems?
HMI-based attack
Buffer overflow attack
Side-channel attack
Denial-of-service attack
HMI-based attack
According to the NIST cloud deployment reference architecture, which of the following provides connectivity and transport
services to consumers?
Cloud carrier
Cloud provider
Cloud broker
Cloud connector
Cloud carrier
After an audit, the auditors inform you that there is a critical finding that you must tackle immediately. You read the audit
report, and the problem is the service running on port 389. Which service is this and how can you tackle the problem?
The service is SMTP, and you must change it to SMIME, which is an encrypted way to send
The service is LDAP, and you must change it to 636, which is LDAPS.
The service is NTP, and you have to change it from UDP to TCP in order to encrypt it.
The findings do not require immediate actions and are only suggestions.
The service is LDAP, and you must change it to 636, which is LDAPS.
This type of injection attack does not show any error message. It is difficult to exploit as it returns information when the application is given SQL payloads that elicit a true or false response from the server. By observing the response, an attacker can extract sensitive information. What type of attack is this?
Error-based SQL injection
Blind SQL injection
Time-based SQL injection
Union SQL injection
Blind SQL injection
In an attempt to damage the reputation of a competitor organization, Hailey, a professional hacker, gathers a list of employee and client email addresses and other related information by using various search engines, social networking sites, and web spidering tools. In this process, she also uses an automated tool to gather a list of words from the target website to further perform a brute-force attack on the previously gathered email addresses. What is the tool used by Hailey for gathering a list of words from the target website?
Orbot
Psiphon
Shadowsocks
CeWL
CeWL
Becky has been hired by a client from Dubai to perform a penetration test against one of their remote offices. Working from her location in Columbus, Ohio, Becky runs her usual reconnaissance scans to obtain basic information about their network. When analyzing the results of her Whois search, Becky notices that the IP was allocated to a location in Le Havre, France. Which regional Internet registry should Becky go to for detailed information?
RIPE
LACNIC
APNIC
ARIN
RIPE
Robert, a professional hacker, is attempting to execute a fault injection attack on a target IoT device. In this process, he injects faults into the power supply that can be used for remote execution, also causing the skipping of key instructions. He also
injects faults into the clock network used for delivering a synchronized signal across the chip. Which of the following types of fault injection attack is performed by Robert in the above scenario?
Optical, electromagnetic fault injection (EMFI)
Power/clock/reset glitching
Temperature attack
Frequency/voltage tampering
Power/clock/reset glitching
Which type of attack attempts to overflow the content-addressable memory (CAM) table in an Ethernet switch?
DDoS attack
MAC flooding
Evil twin attack
DNS cache flooding
MAC flooding
Eric, a cloud security engineer, implements a technique for securing the cloud resources used by his organization. This
technique assumes by default that a user attempting to access the network is not an authentic entity and verifies every incoming
connection before allowing access to the network. Using this technique, he also imposed conditions such that employees can
access only the resources required for their role. What is the technique employed by Eric to secure cloud resources?
Zero trust network
Container technology
Serverless computing
Demilitarized zone
Zero trust network
Louis, a professional hacker, had used specialized tools or search engines to encrypt all his browsing activity and navigate
anonymously to obtain sensitive/hidden information about official government or federal databases. After gathering the information,
he successfully performed an attack on the target government organization without being traced. Which of the following techniques
is described in the above scenario?
Website footprinting
Dark web footprinting
VPN footprinting
VoIP footprinting
VPN footprinting
Given below are different steps involved in the vulnerability-management life cycle. 1) Remediation 2) identify assets and create a baseline 3) Verification 4) Monitor 5) Vulnerability scan 6) Risk assessment Identify the correct sequence of steps involved in vulnerability management.
2–>5–>6–>1–>3–>4
1–>2–>3–>4–>5–>6
2–>4–>5–>3–>6–>1
2–>1–>5–>6–>4–>3
2–>5–>6–>1–>3–>4
Jake, a professional hacker, installed spyware on a target iPhone to spy on the target user’s activities. He can take complete control of the target mobile device by jailbreaking the device remotely and record audio, capture screenshots, and monitor all phone calls and SMS messages. What is the type of spyware that Jake used to infect the target device?
DroidSheep
Trident
Zscaler
Androrat
Trident
What information security law or standard aims at protecting stakeholders and the general public from accounting errors and
fraudulent activities within organizations?
SOX
PCI-DSS
ISO/IEC 27001:2013
FISMA
SOX
Which among the following is the best example of the hacking concept called “clearing tracks”?
During a cyberattack, a hacker injects a rootkit into a server.
An attacker gains access to a server through an exploitable vulnerability.
After a system is breached, a hacker creates a backdoor to allow re-entry into a system.
During a cyberattack, a hacker corrupts the event logs
on all machines.
During a cyberattack, a hacker corrupts the event logs
on all machines.
Morris, an attacker, wanted to check whether the target AP is in a locked state. He attempted using different utilities to identify
WPS-enabled APs in the target wireless network.Ultimately,he succeeded with one special command-line utility. Which of the
following command-line utilities allowed Morris to discover the WPS- enabled APs?
wash
macof
net view
ntptrace
ntptrace
Elante company has recently hired James as a penetration tester. He was tasked with performing enumeration on an organization’s network. In the process of enumeration, James discovered a service that is accessible to external sources. This service runs directly on port 21. What is the service enumerated by James in the above scenario?
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Remote procedure call (RPC)
Network File System (NFS)
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
What is the following command used for? sqlmap.py -u “http://10.10.1.20/?p=1&forumaction=search” –dbs
Retrieving SQL statements being executed on the database
Enumerating the databases in the DBMS for the URL
Searching database statements at the IP address given
Creating backdoors using SQL injection
Enumerating the databases in the DBMS for the URL
You need to deploy a new web-based software package for your organization. The package requires three separate servers and needs to be available on the Internet. What is the recommended architecture in terms of server placement?
A web server and the database server facing the Internet, an application server on the internal network
All three servers need to be placed internally
All three servers need to face the Internet so that they can communicate between themselves
A web server facing the Internet, an application server on the internal network, a database server on the internal network
A web server facing the Internet, an application server on the internal network, a database server on the internal network.
Joel, a professional hacker, targeted a company and identified the types of websites frequently visited by its employees. Using this information, he searched for possible loopholes in these websites and injected a malicious script that can redirect users from the web page and download malware onto a victim’s machine. Joel waits for the victim to access the infected web application so as to compromise the victim’s machine.
Which of the following techniques is used by Joel in the above scenario?
Clickjacking attack
Watering hole attack
MarioNet attack
DNS rebinding attack
Watering hole attack
John, a security analyst working for an organization, found a critical vulnerability on the organization’s LAN that allows him to view financial and personal information about the rest of the employees. Before reporting the vulnerability, he examines the information shown by the vulnerability for two days without disclosing any information to third parties or other internal employees. He does so out of curiosity about the other employees and may take
advantage of this information later.
What would John be considered as?
White hat
Cybercriminal
Gray hat
Black hat
White hat
An incident investigator asks to receive a copy of the event logs from all firewalls, proxy servers, and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) on the network of an organization that has experienced a possible breach of security. When the investigator attempts to correlate the information in all of the logs, the sequence of many of the logged events
do not match up. What is the most likely cause?
The security breach was a false positive.
The network devices are not all synchronized.
Proper chain of custody was not observed while collecting the logs.
The attacker altered or erased events from the logs.
The attacker altered or erased events from the logs.
Harris is attempting to identify the OS running on his target machine. He inspected the initial TTL in the IP header and the related TCP window size and obtained the following results: TTL: 64
Window Size: 5840
What is the OS running on the target machine?
Windows OS
Mac OS
Linux OS
Solaris OS
Linux OS
Mirai malware targets IoT devices. After infiltration, it uses them to propagate and create botnets that are then used to launch which types of attack?
Password attack
Birthday attack
DDoS attack
MITM attack
DDoS attack
A post-breach forensic investigation revealed that a known vulnerability in Apache Struts was to blame for the Equifax data breach that affected 143 million customers. A fix was available from the software vendor for several months prior to the intrusion. This is likely a failure in which of the following security processes?
Vendor risk management
Secure development lifecycle
Patch management
Security awareness training
Patch management
Which of the following Metasploit post-exploitation modules can be used to escalate privileges on Windows systems?
keylogrecorder
getsystem
autoroute
Getuid
getsystem
Josh has finished scanning a network and has discovered multiple vulnerable services. He knows that several of these usually
have protections against external sources but are frequently susceptible to internal users. He decides to draft an email, spoof the
sender as the internal IT team, and attach a malicious file disguised as a financial spreadsheet. Before Josh sends the email, he
decides to investigate other methods of getting the file onto the system. For this particular attempt, what was the last stage of the cyber kill chain that Josh performed?
Weaponization
Exploitation
Reconnaissance
Delivery
Weaponization
Your company was hired by a small healthcare provider to perform a technical assessment on the network. What is the best approach for discovering vulnerabilities on a Windows-based computer?
Use a scan tool like Nessus
Check MITRE.org for the latest list of CVE findings
Use the built-in Windows Update tool
Create a disk image of a clean Windows installation
Use a scan tool like Nessus
Geena, a cloud architect, uses a master component in the Kubernetes cluster architecture that scans newly generated pods
and allocates a node to them. This component can also assign nodes based on factors such as the overall resource requirement,
data locality, software/hardware/policy restrictions, and internal workload interventions.
Which of the following master components is explained in the above scenario?
Kube-scheduler
Kube-controller-manager
Etcd cluster
Kube-apiserver
Kube-scheduler
Ricardo has discovered the username for an application in his target’s environment. As he has a limited amount of time, he
decides to attempt to use a list of common passwords he found on the Internet. He compiles them into a list and then feeds that list
as an argument into his password-cracking application. What type of attack is Ricardo performing?
Password spraying
Known plaintext
Brute force
Dictionary
Dictionary
Bob wants to ensure that Alice can check whether his message has been tampered with. He creates a checksum of the
message and encrypts it using asymmetric cryptography.
What key does Bob use to encrypt the checksum for accomplishing this goal?
His own public key
His own private key
Alice’s private key
Alice’s public key
Alice’s public key
Dayn, an attacker, wanted to detect if any honeypots are installed in a target network. For this purpose, he used a time-based
TCP fingerprinting method to validate the response to a normal computer and the response of a honeypot to a manual SYN
request.Which of the following techniques is employed by Dayn to detect honeypots?
Detecting the presence of Honeyd honeypots
Detecting the presence of Sebek-based honeypots
Detecting the presence of Snort_inline honeypots
Detecting honeypots running on VMware
Detecting the presence of Honeyd honeypots
A group of hackers were roaming around a bank office building in a city, driving a luxury car. They were using hacking tools
on their laptop with the intention to find a free- access wireless network. What is this hacking process known as?
Spectrum analysis
Wardriving
GPS mapping
Wireless sniffing
Wardriving
Henry is a penetration tester who works for XYZ organization. While performing enumeration on a client organization,
he queries the DNS server for a specific cached DNS record. Further, by using this cached record, he determines the
sites recently visited by the organization’s user. What is the enumeration technique used by Henry on the
organization?
DNS zone walking
DNS cache snooping
DNS cache poisoning
DNSSEC zone walking
DNS cache snooping
Miley, a professional hacker, decided to attack a target organization’s network. To perform the attack, she used a tool to send fake ARP messages over the target network to link her MAC address with the target system’s IP address. By performing this, Miley received messages directed to the victim’s MAC address and further used the tool to intercept, steal, modify, and block sensitive communication to the target system. What is the tool employed by Miley to perform the above attack?
Wireshark
BetterCAP
DerpNSpoof
Gobbler
BetterCAP
Gregory, a professional penetration tester working at Sys Security Ltd., is tasked with performing a security test of web applications used in the company. For this purpose, Gregory uses a tool to test for any security loopholes by hijacking a session between a client and server. This tool has a feature of intercepting proxy that can be used to inspect and modify the traffic between the browser and target application. This tool can also perform customized attacks and can be used to test the randomness of session tokens. Which of the following tools is used by Gregory in the above scenario?
Burp Suite
Nmap
CxSAST
Wireshark
Burp Suite
