ce no. 3 Flashcards
What are the relevant accounting standards of the hospital industry?
IFRS 15: Revenue from Contracts with Customers
IFRS 16: Leases
IAS 20: Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance
What are the different elements of hospital operations?
- Leadership and governance
- Health care financing
- Health care workforce
- Medical products and technologies
- Information and research
- Service delivery
What are the audit procedures for the audit of accounts of hospitals?
- Examine the scope of responsibilities.
- Examine the Minutes of the Board or Committees
- Obtain a list of records maintained by the Hospital.
- Examine the audit report of last year and should note down qualifications, if any.
- Examine the internal control system regarding purchase of fixed assets, medicines, stores, consumables, clothing and provisions, etc.
- Examine the internal control system for recording of purchases, issue and storage of all items and physical verification of them.
- Obtain the rate structure for fees, medicine and other services, power to do concession or waiver of fees.
- Calculate and examine the input-output ratios.
What are the four broad characteristics of NPOs?
- Delivering services for public benefit.
- Profit or surpluses are directed for public benefit
- Voluntary donations and grant funding may be significant
- Assets are held and used for social purposes.
Technique used by some NFPs for purposes of internal recordkeeping and managerial control and to help ensure that the use of resources is in accordance with stipulations imposed by donors and other resource providers and with self-imposed limitations designated by those charged with governance
Fund accounting
An accounting entity with a self-balancing set of accounts for recording assets, liabilities, the fund balance, and changes in the fund balance
Fund
Mechanism to assist in exercising control over the purpose of particular resources and amounts of those resources available for use
Fund accounting
Pressures for Misstatement when Auditing NPOs
- Contribution allocation formulas tied to NFP’s actual or budgeted revenues
- Sluggish economy
- Adverse demographics
- Shortfall in unrestricted contributions
- Obligation to comply with federal regulations
- Attempt to appear as efficient as possible.
Characteristics of an NFP’s control environment
- Role of management and the governing board
- Qualifications of management and governing board members
- Frequency of governing board meetings
- The governing board members’ involvement in the NFP’s operations
- The organizational structure
In an NPO, the following unusual relationships may indicate material misstatement due to fraud
- Unexpected changes in contribution revenue
- Revenue does not change in expected direction or magnitude
- Earned revenue is inconsistent
- A significant amount of expenditures and cost-reimbursement grants are recognized at the tail end of the grant period
- Investment return is not reasonable
What are the relevant accounting standards of the e-commerce industry?
IFRS 15: Revenue from Contracts with Customers
IAS 2: Inventories
IAS 38: Intangible assets
PAPS 1013
Audit considerations for the e-commerce industry
- Skills and knowledge
- Risk identification
- Internal control considerations
- Effect of electronic records on audit evidence
What are the business risks related to e-commerce? (4)
- Loss of transaction integrity
- Loss of information privacy
- Pervasive e-commerce security risks
- System availability risks
Controls addressing e-commerce business risks
- verify identity
- ensure transaction integrity
- ensure that information and information systems are available
- obtain agreement on terms of trade and evaluate non-repudiation procedures
- obtain payment from/ secure credit facilities for customers
- establish privacy and information protection protocols
What are some of the internal control considerations of the e-commerce industry?
- Security
- Transaction integrity
- Process alignment
Defined as “the delegation of one or more IT-intensive business processes to an external provider”
Business Process Outsourcing
(Information Technology Enabled Services)
Provides a number of inbound and outbound services for sales, technical support, directory, etc.
Contact center
Analysis, design, customization, etc. of systems software
Software development