CDS Flashcards
Examples of countries term ‘developmental’ has been ascribed to? (Schneider)
-Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Fascist Italy
Where can we find a desarollista state? (Schneider)
- Mexico
- Brazil
- Other countries of latin America
What are the four essential components of the Desarollista state? (Schneider)
- Political capitalism, where profits and investments depend on the decisions made in the state
- A dominant developmental discourse on the necessity of industrialization and of state intervention to promote it
- political exclusion of the majority of the adult pop
- A fluid, weakly institutionalized bureaucracy in which appointments structured power and presentation
How must the developmental state be defined? (Schneider)
-must be defined solely by traits of the state and its relation to society
What is the desarollista state characterised by? (Schneider)
exclusionary relationship to the polity and interventionist strategy of promoting the economy
What politicises capitalism? (Schneider)
-pervasive, discretionary control of the state over resource allocation
“in political capitalism…“(Schneider)
-accumulation depends more on politics than markets
What discretion to policy makers have under political capitalism? (Schneider)
-A great deal: they award contracts, make loans, grant specific tax exemptions, etc
Where is an example of capitalism being politicised? (Schneider)
-Brazil and Mexico from 1940s until 1990s
What is developmentalism? (Schneider)
-An ideology that accords industrilisation a higher priority than other societal goals and gives the state a leading role in promoting it
How did literacy requirements exclude people from voting in Brazil between 1945-1964? (Schneider)
-only 19% eligible to vote in 1960
What has there been pressure on developing countries to do since 1980s? (Ha-Joon)
-pressure to adopt a set of ‘good policies’ including liberalisation of trade and investment and privtisation of state owned enterprises
How did rich countries develop? (Ha-Joon)
-Not on the basis of the policies and institutions they now recommend to and often force upon developing countries
“almost all of today’s rich countries…” (Ha-Joon)
-Used tariff protection and subsidies to develop their industries in the earlier stage of their development, Britain and USA were the ones who used this most aggressively
When can protectionist be traced back to?(Ha-Joon)
-14th and 15th century in relation to wollen manufacturing. England was an exporter of wool to the low countries, Henry VII tried to change this by protecting wollen tiextile producers, taxing raw wool exports and poaching skilled workers from the low countries
What was significant about the US between the civil war and WW2? (Ha-Joon)
-It was the most heavily protected economy in the world
Whats a criticism of the perceived integral nature of democracy to development?(Ha-Joon)
- today’s developed countries did not develop under democracy
- until 1920 even universal male suffrage was a rarity
- spain and portugal were dictatorshups until the 1970s
Whats the issue with the policies and institutions recommended by rich countries? (Ha-Joon)
- they are not the ones that they themselves used when they were developing
- could conclude rich countries are trying to kick away the ladder
What is the debate about East Asian success? (Jeon)
- Economists put stress on the ‘export-orientated market openness”
- whilst statists attribute success to ‘ample autonomy’ of East Asian states
How fast did the east asian economies grow? (Jeon)
3x faster than rest of the world in postwar era
What were the priorities of KOrea under Park Chunge hee (1961-1979) (Jeon)
- Growth first model
- National security and economic growth as an interlocked political goal of the regime
- Highest prioirty to GNP growth, growth first, distribution and stability later
- Sift from ISI to Export-orientated industrilisation
- inflationary incentives such as low-interest loans, foreign exchange creidts and repeated devaluation of foreign exchange rates
- growth achieved through a risky path of unbalanced development
What were the Priorities in Singapore under PAP (1965-1979) (Jeon)
- emphasis on stability, recognising Singapore as a city state is inherently vulenrable to exogenous factors
- Growth-first distribution later emphaised
- PAP called for a more activist role of state
- Symbolic alliance with trade unions to ensure labour discipline
What were the priorities in Taiwan under KMT (1949-1979) (Jeon)
- KMT sought balanced development, putting equal emphasis on economic growth, price stability and income equality
- KMT kept itself aloof from business circles and remained neutral to sectoral or regional interest
- Inward looking ISI in earlier years moved to outward looking EOI by early 60s
- Prdent fiscal-monetary policy mix, noninflationary incentives, agriculture-indsutry joint development and small firms-based industrialization
What was at heart of east asian developmentalist state? (Jeon)
-relatively optimal combination of great political autonomy and strong economic will
