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CDM > CDM Exam > Flashcards

CDM Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is a quasi experiment?

A

Looking into a relationship but lacking the controls to be a Randomised Control Trial

Includes 2 baseline groups, one with an intervention and one without

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2
Q

What is an analysis of covariance test (ANCOVA)

A

Comparing the means of 3 or more varaibles

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3
Q

What is a chi-squared test?

A

Looks at the relationship between categorical data

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4
Q

What is a correlational study?

A

Looks at the relationship between continuous data

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5
Q

What is a linear mixed model?

A

Understanding the changes/ growth of variables over time

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6
Q

What is the purpose of a p-value?

A

A score of 0.05 p-value suggests there’s a <5% likelihood it is down to chance

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7
Q

What is a confidence interval?

A

A range of intervals that likely include the true effect of something- a wider interval suggests less reliability/validity

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8
Q

What is standard deviation?

A

How data is spread/ used to compare data sets

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9
Q

What is standard error?

A

How the population mean may vary from the sample mean

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10
Q

What is a randomised control trial?

A

Have a comparative group and a control group to show the cause and effect

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11
Q

What is a clinical trial?

A

No random allocation, analytical cohort study
Intervention offered

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12
Q

What is an observational study?

A

Cohort study including case study, cross-sectional study

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13
Q

What is a control study?

A

No random allocation
No intervention offered

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14
Q

What is a longitudinal study?

A

Compares different outcomes during follow-ups over a long period.
Measures incidence

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15
Q

What is PICO

A

Population/ Problem
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome

(how to do a systemic literature review)

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16
Q

What is phenomenology?

A

understanding a person’s lived experiences

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17
Q

What is a case study?

A

An in-depth examination to understand the how of complex situations

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18
Q

What is a narrative?

A

Describing situations through experience/ stories

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19
Q

What is an ethnography?

A

Understanding the behaviours of a culture/ group

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20
Q

What is a grounded theory study?

A

Systemically collecting data to understand a social process

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21
Q

What is action research?

A

Solving problems to increase effectiveness in incorporating change

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22
Q

What are the criteria of qualitative research?

A

Credibility: Is everyone talking about the same event
Transferability: Can the data be transferred to different settings
Dependability: How transparent was the decision-making process

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23
Q

What are the criteria for quantitative research?

A

Internal validity: Does the result investigate the dependent variable
External Validity: can the data be generalised
Reliability: How consistent was the methodology
Objectivity

24
Q

What are extraneous variables?

A

Variables that you’re not inentionally studying have an impact on the DV

25
Q

What is a cofounding variable?

A

An unintentional impact on the IV and DV

26
Q

Internal validity

A

how well was the study done

27
Q

external validity

A

can the findings be generalised

28
Q

construct validity

A

is it measuring only what it needs to measure

29
Q

face validity

A

does is measure with appropriate methodology

30
Q

content validity

A

is the measurement comprehensive

31
Q

criterion validity

A

how accurately is it measured

32
Q

intER rater reliability

A

is the measurement objective

33
Q

intRA rater reliability

A

how consistent are the results

34
Q

a parameter

A

the mean of a population

35
Q

simple random sampling

A

assigning people numbers and randomly picking them

36
Q

stratified random sampling

A

breaking a sample into demographics and randomly picking from those groups

37
Q

random cluster sampling

A

when the sample is spread out and randomly picked from areas

38
Q

revise the research process

A
39
Q

clinical expertise

A

evidence-based practice suited for the patient

40
Q

clinical experience

A

clinical practice based on past experiences

41
Q

Human Rights Act

A

1966
the freedom that humans should be entitled to

42
Q

critiques of human rights

A

individualistic (selfish??)
takes away responsibility

43
Q

duty of candour

A

taking responsibility and accountability for any mistakes made

44
Q

fiduciary responsibility

A

duty of care, loyalty, good faith, confidentiality

45
Q

students duty of care

A

no professional duty (not with nmc yet) but have a moral duty

46
Q

negligence

A

failure to provide adequate care

47
Q

Registered nurses duty of care

A

required to help where you have the skills/ competency regardless of the location

48
Q

types of consent

A
  • informal
  • voluntary
  • implied
  • oral
  • written
49
Q

responsibilities in decision making

A
  • encourage participation
  • avoid restricting rights/ discrimination
  • assess the chance of regaining capacity
50
Q

beauchamp and childress ethical considerations

A

non-maleficence: preventing harm (by actively stopping something)
beneficence: acting for the patients benefit (by actively doing something)
autonomy: what the patient wants
justice: whats fair

51
Q

best interest

A

when a pt is unconscious or incapacitated, you still have a duty of care to help them

52
Q

what is a dols

A

Deprivation of Liberty Safeguard is where you restrict a patient who doesn’t have the capacity to consent to treatment to keep them safe

53
Q

Gillick competence

A

a child under the age of 16 can consent to treatment if they fully understand the medical treatment and any implications that might arise from it

54
Q

Fraser Guidelines

A

relates to under 16’s getting contraception/ sexual health advice if:
- cannot be persuaded to inform parents
- likely to be sexually active without contraception
- understands the advice given
- mh or ph likely to suffer without
- in best interest to get advice without parental support

55
Q

assessing capacity?

A

mental capacity act 2005

56
Q

power of attorney

A

can make decisions related to health or finances for someone else (n/a to treatment under MHA 2007)

57
Q

freedom of information

A

patients have the right to their notes/ clinical documentation

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