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CDI REVIEWER_2 > CDI CHAPTER 3 > Flashcards

CDI CHAPTER 3 Flashcards

1
Q

this is a reluctant type of witnesses. It is found among the uneducated and of low level of intelligence. The technique to be applied is be with their level of intelligence and by interrogation.

A

KNOW-NOTHING TYPE

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2
Q

What are the TYPES OF INTERVIEW?

A

BACKGROUND INTERVIEW
SUBJECTIVE INTERVIEW
OBJECTIVE INTERVIEW

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3
Q

*This confession is made by the accused is open court. The plea of guilt maybe made during arraignment or any stage of the proceedings where the accused changes his plea of not guilty to guilty.
*This is conclusive upon the court and may be considered to be a mitigating circumstance to criminal liability.
*A plea of guilty when formally entered on arraignment is sufficient to sustain conviction of any offense, even a capital one, without further proof.

A

JUDICIAL CONFESSION

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4
Q

OVERT METHODS

A
  • INTERVIEW
  • PATROL OR RECONNAISANCE
  • CRIME SCENE SEARCH
  • REGULAR PERFORMANCE OF POLICE ACTIVITIES
  • CUSTODIAL INTERROGATION
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5
Q

TYPES OF INFORMANTS

A

Female informants
Legitimate informants
Incidental informant
Confidential informant

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6
Q

identity is kept confidential by the respective police officers or investigators who are receiving information that they are providing.

A

Confidential informant

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7
Q

is the direct acknowledgement of guilt.

A

CONFESSION

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8
Q

Common traces of info:

A
  • Criminal complaint
  • Information
  • Depositions
  • News article
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9
Q

What are reasons WHY WITNESSES REFUSE TO TALK?

A

FEAR OF REPRISAL
GREAT INCONVENIENCE
HATRED AGAINST THE POLICE
BECAUSE OF BIAS OF WITNESS
AVOIDANCE OF PUBLICITY
FAMILY RESTRICTION

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10
Q

he may be an anonymous phone caller, letter writer or a text sender.

A

ANONYMOUS INFORMANT

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11
Q

TYPES OF INFORMER

A
  • Recruited informer (Paid assets)
  • Mercenary informer
  • Dual or Multiple Informer
  • Double Crosser
  • Information brokers (intelligence brokers)
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12
Q

there are witnesses who are shy and they shun publicity that will bring discomfort to their ordinary or obscure way of living.

A

AVOIDANCE OF PUBLICITY

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13
Q

What is the MAIN PURPOSE OF INTERROGATION?

A

to obtain CONFESSION or ADMISSION from the suspect and to learn relevant information from uncooperative witness.

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14
Q

To whom, where or which information are derived or developed.

A

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

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15
Q

this interview as prescribed by some investigators requires the interviewee to answer the question posed by the investigator. The interviewee to answer on what he knows about what is being asked. In the case of subjects of low level of intelligence, the use of leading questions greatly helps the investigator to obtain the full and desired information.

A

QUESTION AND ANSWER

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16
Q

MOTIVES OF INFORMANTS AND INFORMERS

A
  • CIVIC-MINDEDNESS
  • VANITY
  • REPENTANCE
  • FEAR
  • AVOIDANCE OF PUNISHMENT
  • SHOWING GRATITUDE FOR GAINING SOMETHING
  • COMPETITION OR RIVALRY
  • REVENGE
  • JEALOUSY
  • REMUNERATION
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17
Q

is indirect acknowledgment of guilt.

A

ADMISSION

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18
Q

this kind mostly maintains being anonymous. His purpose is to eliminate the rival persons or gang due to competition or other motives such as revenge, etc.

A

RIVAL ELIMINATION INFORMANT

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19
Q

this is a liar type of witness. Let him lie and order him to repeat several times their narration.

A

DECEITFUL WITNESS

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20
Q

What are the TYPES OF WITNESSES according to attitude?

A

KNOW-NOTHING TYPE
DISINTERESTED TYPE
THE DRUNKEN TYPE
TALKATIVE TYPE
HONEST WITNESS
DECEITFUL WITNESS
TIMID WITNESS
REFUSAL TO TALK WITNESS

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21
Q

*Vast amount of information come from people with direct or indirect knowledge
*May be classified as: regular or cultivated sources

A

PEOPLE AS SOURCES OF INFORMATION

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22
Q

Informants under this category is usually a mistress or common law wife of criminal. She volunteers information because her lover jilted her. Her motive is often revenge or simply jealousy.

A

Female informants

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23
Q

this is the truthful and cooperative witness where the investigator could rely upon, with little or no problem in handling them.

A

HONEST WITNESS

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24
Q

*System of gathering information that has little consideration on paid information
*Relies on information given voluntarily or willingly

A

ENGLISH PRACTICE

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25
Q

the outward manifestations of a criminal event that can be perceived by our five senses – eyes, ears, nose, tongue and hands.

A

SENSORY FORM

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26
Q

What are the rules to be considered in questioning during Interviews?

A

One Question at a time
Avoid Implied Answer
Simplicity of Question
Saving Face
Yes` and No Answer

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27
Q

What are the TECHNIQUES OF INTERROGATION?

A

EMOTIONAL APPEAL
SYMPATHETIC APPROACH
FRIENDLINESS
TRICK AND BLUFF TECHNIQUES

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28
Q

*This will help the interviewer to determine the personality and intelligence of his subjects.
*He must go down in the level of understanding of his particular subject.

A

KNOWLEDGE ON PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY

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29
Q

Those who have special information on a particular crime or criminal or non-criminal activity.
- informant
- informer
- Their immediate relatives and close friends

A

CULTIVATED

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30
Q

Source of info under this category includes operators of licensed premises who do not want their place of business to become the hang out of dangerous criminals.

A

Legitimate informants

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31
Q

is a person who provides the police with confidential information concerning a previous crime or a projected and planned crime. under the law, these informants are protected and their identity could not be revealed by the police even under the order of the court unless on exceptional case where there is a claim of the defense that the informant framed up the accused.

A

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMANT

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32
Q

What are the tool’s or I’s of investigation?

A

INFORMATION
INTERVIEW/INTERROGATION and;
INSTRUMENTATION

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33
Q

This is focused only in obtaining data regarding the personal background of the subject, the simplest type of interview used in criminal cases.

A

BACKGROUND INTERVIEW

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34
Q

this refer to an uncooperative and indifferent subject. To deal with them is to find out their field of interest so that they will talk.

A

DISINTERESTED TYPE

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35
Q

these are also called automatic informants. (victim)

A

Incidental informant

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36
Q

it is a confession that is made by the suspect during custodial investigation or those confessions that are made outside of the court.

A

EXTRA JUDICIAL CONFESSION

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37
Q

this kind of informant moves around the centers of criminals, group or syndicate and delights in surprising the police about bits of information.

A

SELF AGGRANDIZING INFORMANT

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38
Q

What are the types of informant?

A
  1. ANONYMOUS INFORMANT
  2. RIVAL ELIMINATION INFORMANT
  3. FALSE INFORMANT
  4. FRIGHTENED INFORMANT
  5. SELF AGGRANDIZING INFORMANT
  6. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMANT
  7. MERCENARY INFORMANT
  8. DOUBLE-CROSSER INFORMANT
  9. WOMEN INFORMANT
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39
Q

_____________ replaced Anthropometry. It was popularized by Sir Edward Richard Henry in Europe and through Juan Vucetich who founded the fingerprint classification, it was found to be accurate. Its usefulness in criminal investigation cannot be questioned because its infallibility because no two persons have the same fingerprints not even the ten neighboring fingers of the same persons.

A

Dactyloscopy

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40
Q

What are the APPARENT SIGNS OF DECEPTION?

A

EXCESSIVE SWEATING
CHANGE OF FACIAL COLOR
DRY MOUTH
EXCESSIVE BREATHING
INCREASE OF PULSE BEAT
AVOIDANCE OF DIRECT EYE CONTACT

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41
Q

the style of questioning by the investigator should be adapted to the psychology of the subject. When the drunken subject has sobered, another interview will be conducted, confronting hi about his disclosures while in the state of drunkenness. The written statement must be taken during his sobriety.

A

THE DRUNKEN TYPE

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42
Q

TYPES OF INFORMER

A
  • Recruited informer (Paid assets)
  • Mercenary informer
  • Dual or Multiple Informer
  • Double Crosser
  • Information brokers (intelligence brokers)
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43
Q

General categories of sources:

A
  • Places
  • Things
  • people
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44
Q

What is a Golden Role in Interview?

A

Golden Role in Interview:

“Never allow the interviewer to conduct nor let anyone to conduct an interview without prior visit to the crime scene.”

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45
Q

he uses his seeming desire to divulge information as an excuse to talk to the police in order to get more information from them more than he gives.

A

DOUBLE-CROSSER INFORMANT

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46
Q

The questions are designed to acquire the basic and specific data or facts regarding a criminal case. It is the type of interview that complies with the six cardinal points of criminal investigation ( the 5 W’s and 1 H)

A

OBJECTIVE INTERVIEW

47
Q

In 1984, Alex Jeffrey’s, a British biologist and genetics expert, discovered the concept of ________________.

A

DNA genetic fingerprinting

48
Q

What are the rules to be considered in questioning during Interviews?

A

One Question at a time
Avoid Implied Answer
Simplicity of Question
Saving Face
Yes` and No Answer

49
Q

usually reveals information of no consequence, value or stuff connected with thin air. His purpose is to appear to be on the side of the law and for throwing out the suspicion from himself or from his gang or associates.

A

FALSE INFORMANT

50
Q

_____________ (lie detector) was develop by John Larson although it was founded by Keller. It is effective in limiting the suspects in number as in the hand of an expert and dependable machine its result is excellent.

A

Polygraph

51
Q

TYPES OF EXTRA-JUDICIAL CONFESSION

A

VOLUNTARY EXTRA-JUDICIAL CONFESSION
INVOLUNTARY EXTRA JUDICIAL CONFESSION

52
Q

*Obtaining information that relies heavily in buying information
*Extensive use of informers

A

FRENCH APPROACH

53
Q

Those who come to the attention of the investigator because of their involvement or familiarity with a crime or incident.
- Victims/complainants
- Witnesses/suspects

A

REGULAR

54
Q

An interview wherein the questions are phrased in a manner such that the subject’s answers are based on his personal opinions or views. Questions are designed to deal with the subjective aspect of the case.

A

SUBJECTIVE INTERVIEW

55
Q

the investigator, in his preliminary or probing questions must dig deep into the past troubles, plight and unfortunate events in the life of the suspect. An offer of help, kindness, friendliness may win his cooperation.

A

SYMPATHETIC APPROACH

56
Q

A criminal act may also provide information is a written form like receipts from the motel, food and drinks in the pocket of the suspect.

A

WRITTEN FORM

57
Q

This confession obtained through force, threat, intimidation, duress or anything influencing the voluntary act of the confessor

A

INVOLUNTARY EXTRA JUDICIAL CONFESSION

58
Q

The information may actually be in a real form – meaning the failure to retrieve it or receive it at the right time will be useless.

A

PHYSICAL FORM

59
Q

The visible way of obtaining information like conducting interview, patrol, crime scene search, regular performance of police activities and custodial interrogation.

A

OVERT

60
Q

COVERT METHOD

A
  • SURVEILLANCE
  • UNDERCOVER ASSIGNMENTS
  • ENTRAPMENT
  • BUY-BUST OPERATION
  • INCLUDING TACTICAL INTERROGATION
61
Q

_____________ developed by Dr. Calvin H. Goddard, a U.S. Army Physician with a rank of Lieutenant Colonel. It is used for determining whether or not the evidence bullet and test bullet came from a single gun through the use of bullet comparison microscope.

A

Forensic Ballistics

62
Q

this points to the subject of interrogation whether a suspect or a victim.

A

INTERROGEE

63
Q

He must be courteous, sympathetic and humble, ready to ask apologies for the inconvenience of the interview.

A

HUMILITY

64
Q

What are the Phases of Interrogation?

A

Planning of Interrogation
Approach (Meeting the Interrogee)
Questioning
Termination
Recording
Reporting

65
Q

on the part of those of hands-to-mouth existence there is this real inconvenience, which will deprive them the time to earn for their living especially during the ordeal of testifying during the trial.

A

GREAT INCONVENIENCE

66
Q

CLASSICAL SYSTEMS OF GATHERING INFORMATION

A
  • ENGLISH PRACTICE
  • FRENCH APPROACH
67
Q

*It is the process of applying instruments or tools of the police sciences in criminal investigation and detection.

A

INSTRUMENTATION

68
Q

this is a witness who is prone to exaggerate, adding irrelevant or new matters to their narration.

A

TALKATIVE TYPE

69
Q

SURVEILLANCE: PURPOSES

A
  • Obtaining evidence
  • Supplying information as basis of issuing arrest or search warrant
  • Determining the activities and contacts of suspected criminals
  • Catching criminals in flagrante delicto
70
Q

are documents that can be obtained and studied to obtain facts on incidents and people. They are vital information since they provide leads in facilitating the investigation process.

A

RECORDS AS SOURCES OF INFORMATION

71
Q

Modern Techniques of Interrogation

A

Rationalization
Projection
Minimization

72
Q
  • The word________ is a general term that refers to any person who gives information to the police authorities relative to a crime.
  • Strictly speaking, an _________ is any person who furnishes the police information relevant to a criminal case about the activities of criminals or syndicates without any monetary consideration. The _______may openly give information or may serve as a witness voluntarily.
  • Voluntarily or willingly provides information to the criminal investigators and offers to be a witness. (requires anonymity)
A

INFORMANT

73
Q

a friendly approach coupled with a posture of sincerity may induce the suspect to confess

A

FRIENDLINESS

74
Q

The confession is voluntary when the accused speaks of his free will and accord, without any inducement of any kind, with a full and complete knowledge of the nature and the consequences of the confession

A

VOLUNTARY EXTRA-JUDICIAL CONFESSION

75
Q

some famous and respected families preserve their reputations by instilling to their members the need of the approval of the elders on matter affecting their families.

A

FAMILY RESTRICTION

76
Q

putting the blame to other persons, not alone to the suspect.

A

Projection

77
Q

The interviewer must know how to appropriately use his voice normally, without unusual loudness that may affect the interview process.

A

CONVERSATIONAL TONE OF VOICE

78
Q

The first used was ___________ found by Alphonse Bertillon. He is a Frenchman who founded criminal identification by body measurement. It was accepted and adopted by police departments in Europe and the United States for more than twenty (20) years.

A

Anthropometry

79
Q

this is a technique where the investigator, combining the skills of an actor and a psychologist, addresses the suspect with an emotional appeal to confess. This is applicable to first time offenders or those who are of the emotional type of characteristics displayed nervousness or emotional disturbances.

A

EMOTIONAL APPEAL

80
Q

is a person other than the suspect, who is requested to give information concerning an incident. He may be a victim, complainant, an accuser, a source of information, and an observer of the occurrence, a scientific specialist who has examined physical evidence or a custodian of official documents.

A

WITNESSES

81
Q

What are the QUALITIES OF A GOOD INTERVIEWER?

A

RAPPORT
FORCEFUL PERSONALITY
KNOWLEDGE ON PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
CONVERSATIONAL TONE OF VOICE
ACTING QUALITIES
HUMILITY

82
Q

______________ was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901 the agglutination of human blood. This discovery demonstrated that blood possesses certain characteristics, which allowed the designation A, B, AB and 0.

A

Forensic Serology

83
Q

is conducted to willing and cooperative witnesses, where they are given the full opportunity to narrate their accounts without intervention, interruption and interference from the interviewer.

A

COGNITIVE INTERVIEW

84
Q

the informant has information for sale.

A

MERCENARY INFORMANT

85
Q
  • Is the vigorous and confrontational questioning of a reluctant suspect about his participation in the commission of crime. it is confrontational in the sense that the investigator places the guilt on the accused. This processed is also applied to an uncooperative or recalcitrant suspect/witness.
  • It is one of the most difficult but most interesting phases of criminal investigation and detection. It is a challenging battle of wit between the investigator and the suspect.
  • It is a mental combat where the weapon is intelligence and the use of the art
  • Witnesses or victims are interviewed, and suspects are interrogated.
A

INTERROGATION

86
Q

It is the act of minimizing the culpability of the suspect.

A

Minimization

87
Q
  • Is a person who provides information to the police on a regular basis. They are either paid regularly or in case-to-case basis, or none at all. They are cultivated and established by the police on a more or less permanent character and as long as they are loyal and useful to the police organizations.
  • Generally paid by the investigator and should be registered with the investigator’s agency. Informers are actually informants by profession usually recruited or paid assets of investigating agencies.
A

INFORMER

88
Q

the person who performs skillful questioning of hostile witness and suspects for purposes of obtaining confession or admission.

A

INTERROGATOR

89
Q

denotes any person associated to the commission of a crime. a suspect may also refers to any person whose guilt is considered on reasonable on reasonable ground to be a practical possibility.

A

SUSPECT

90
Q

*The appearance of the interviewer and other qualities such as skills of communication techniques or the forces of his language is the mainstays of the strength of his character.
*He must be understanding, sympathetic and without showing official arrogance, vulgarity of expressions and air superiority.

A

FORCEFUL PERSONALITY

91
Q

What are the KINDS OF CONFESSION?

A

EXTRA JUDICIAL CONFESSION
JUDICIAL CONFESSION

92
Q
  1. TRICK AND BLUFF TECHNIQUES:
A

a. Pretense of Solid Evidence
b. Weakest Link
c. Drama
d. Feigning Contact with Family Members
e. Line Up
f. Reverse Line-Up
g. Stern Approach
h. Mutt and Jeff or Sweet and Sour Method
i. Removing the Ethnic or Cultural Barrier
j. Searching for the Soft Spot

93
Q

Any written or documented statements of persons who possess relevant knowledge concerning a crime. It may include any form of documented data such as directory, file, audio/video tapes and written testimonies

A

TRACES OF INFORMATION

94
Q

the witness maybe an acquaintance, friend, helper or benefactor of the suspect. All of these and other relationship of the witnesses to the suspect must be explored so that an intelligent approach is properly applied.

A

BECAUSE OF BIAS OF WITNESS

95
Q

this is a shy witness. The approach must be friendly and reassuring confidentiality of their information. It should be hidden from the devouring press by interviews or photo sessions.

A

TIMID WITNESS

96
Q

Records are of two general types: Public and private

A

PUBLIC
* LAW ENFORCEMENT SOURCES
* GOVERNMENT SOURCES
* PUBLIC LIBRARY
PRIVATE
* PERSONAL DIARIES
* PERSONNAL LETTER

97
Q

she maybe the female associate of the criminals, who was roughed up, marginalized in the deal or being eased out from the group. Care must be given to this kind of informant because women, given the skills and expertise, are more dangerous than men. They often give free romance that will result in blackmailing the investigator or will result to an extended family for support. Women are said to be most effective among informants because they could easily penetrate the ranks of criminals with less suspicion.

A

WOMEN INFORMANT

98
Q

witness who lack the courage to face the suspect, his associates or relatives always entertain the fear of reprisal. The investigator must remove these fears from the mind of his witnesses either by offering protection or by the explanation that unless the suspect in not put behind bars, the fear will not be disappear.

A

FEAR OF REPRISAL

99
Q

Is the knowledge or facts which the investigator had gathered or acquired from persons or documents, which are pertinent or relevant concerning the commission of the crime or criminal activities.

A

INFORMATION

100
Q

he is prodded by fear or self interest in giving information to the police. He maybe one of the lesser gang member who runs to the police when his gang mates are about to be involved in dangerous situations or when the gang he belongs is hot on the police trail.

A

FRIGHTENED INFORMANT

101
Q

GENERAL KIND OF INTERVIEW

A
  1. COGNITIVE INTERVIEW
  2. QUESTION AND ANSWER
102
Q

*It refers to the good relation between the interviewer and the interviewee, which is conducive to a fruitful result.
*It is winning the confidence of a person being interviewed in order that he will tell all the information in his possession.
*The interviewer must in a respectable civilian attire because, most often and the majority of people, the police uniforms is barrier in establishing rapport. To many, the uniform is intimidating.\

A

RAPPORT

103
Q

He must possess the qualities of an actor, salesman and psychologist and know how to use the power of persuasion.

A

ACTING QUALITIES

104
Q

use of reasons

A

Rationalization

105
Q

this is the most difficult subject to deal with. Find out the reasons of his personality such as: Trauma, shock, fear, hatred and others.

A

REFUSAL TO TALK WITNESS

106
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION AS TO SOURCES:

A

a. REGULAR SOURCES
b. CULTIVATED SOURCES
c. GRAPEVINES SOURCES

107
Q

Fast breaking cases, such as kidnapping, can be aided by the investigator’s ability to distribute photographs and important details efficiently and quickly.

A

INTERNET AS SOURCES OF INFORMATION

108
Q

Is the simple questioning of a person believed to possess information, which are relevant to the investigation of a crime or criminal activities.

A

INTERVIEW

109
Q

this hatred maybe due to previous bad experience with rogue members of the police organization.

A

HATRED AGAINST THE POLICE

110
Q

What are the methods of obtaining information?

A

Overt method
Covert method

111
Q

_________________ founded by Edmond Locard, one of the foremost criminalists in the world.___________ deals with the identification of sweat pores, he proved that pores vary in number, size and position in each individual.

A

Poroscopy

112
Q

What are the TYPES OF INFORMATION?

A

SENSORY FORM
WRITTEN FORM
PHYSICAL FORM

113
Q

The secret way of obtaining information

A

COVERT

CDI REVIEWER_2 (3 decks)

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