CDH Flashcards by Christine Hofauer

When is root formation complete in the primary dentition?

12-18 months

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What is the Leeway Space?

Difference between combined mesiodistal width of the PRIMARY canine and molar and the PERMANENT canine and PREmolar (Maxillary = 1.5mm) (Mandibular = 2.5mm)

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In terms of timescale, when should we start worrying about delayed eruption of a tooth?

6 months after the eruption of its counterpart.

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How many teeth are there in the primary dentition?

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What permanent teeth do you expect to erupt between the age of 9-11 years old?

Lower 3s

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When should the maxillary permanent canines be palpable buccally?

10 years old

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What’s the dmft prevention fraction using fluoride varnish when used 2x/year?

33%

lower than in permanent teeth - 46%

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Name 3 contraindications for Duraphat 22,600ppm

severe asthma (previous hospital admission)
stomatitis
ulcerative gingivitis

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Symptoms of fluoride overdose

Nausea/vomiting/diarrhoea
Excess salivation/tears/mucus
Headache
Generalised weakness

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What is the lethal dose of Fluoride?

32-64 mg (BUT in some cases 16 mg is enough)

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Fluoride supplements should not be issued if the water fluoridation exceeds…….ppm Fluoride

0.7

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What is the dose dependant management of a Fluoride overdose of 5-15mg/kg?

ED
observation/milk
gastric lavage

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Fissure Sealants - which teeth?

Primary Molars
1st + 2nd Perm Molars
Pre-Molars
Palatal pits or perm lateral incisors

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Name the different types of Fissure sealants:

Resin
GIC
Compomer
Fluoride containing

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Xylitol is more effective than Sorbitol. True or False?

True

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Which pulphorn is largest in primary molars?

Mesio-buccal pulphorn

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Harm due to Ionising radiation caused by x-rays in children younger than 10 years old, is …….x higher than in a 30 year old.

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DPTs not recommended in children younger than ….

6 years of age

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Children with low caries risk should have x-rays taken every….

12-18 months

Every 2 years for perm dentition

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Pit and Fissure lesions make up …….% of all new lesions in adolescents.

What size film should be used in children aged 10-11 (12)?

Size 2

What types of radiographs in children are most commonly used? Name 7!

Bite-wings
Peri-apical
DPT
USO
Oblique lateral
Vertical Parallax (DPT+USO)
Horizontal Parallax (peri apical 13&23 + USO)

Name the two major Behavioural Management Techniques in managing fear in children.

1) Psychological

2) Pharmacological

Name possible behavioural management techniques for dealing with fear in children - from most acceptable to the least acceptable in terms of parental tolerance:

TDS
Pos. reinforcement 
Sedation
Voice control 
GA
Physical restraint

A definitely positively behaving child is awarded what score on the Frankl Behavioural Rating Scale?

Bx4

What are the 4 types of Pulp status?

- Normal - Reversible Pulpitis - Irreversible Pulpitis - Pulp Necrosis

How to assess the pulp status without histological evidence?

- Symptoms - Clinical Findings - Special Investigations

Symptoms of a Reversible Pulpitis?

- Provoked Pain - short in duration - disappears on removal of stimulus - relieved with analgesia - 'sharp' pain

Symptoms of a Irreversible Pulpitis?

- Spontaneous pain - Constant - Long in duration - Not always relieved by analgesia - 'dull throbbing ache' - sleep disturbance

Restore or Extract primary molars. What to take into consideration?

MH SH DH Pulp status

What are the pulp therapy options for a VITAL pulp (primary dentition)?

- Pulp capping (direct/indirect) | - Pulpotomy (vital/desensitising)

What are the pulp therapy options for a non vital pulp (primary dentition)?

- Pulpectomy | - Extraction

You have accidentally entered the pulp chamber whilst drilling a primary molar. What do you do?

Direct Pulp capping: Ca(OH)2 placed directly onto the pulp for the formation of a dentine-bridge.

Direct pulp capping is used in primary carious molars. True or False?

False! Deep carious lesions in primary teeth are treated with 'indirect pulp capping' if pulp is still vital.

What is used to establish haemostasis in Pulpotomy?

Ferric Sulphate (apply for 15 sec.)

What is the prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH)?

3.6 - 25%

What are the possible differential diagnoses of MIH?

- Fluorosis - Amelogenesis Imperfecta - Turner tooth - Idiopathic Hypomineralisation

What tooth formation stages go wrong in MIH?

- Secretory phase (Hypoplasia) | - Maturation phase(Hypomineralisation)

What common childhood illnesses can cause MIH?

- Respiratory diseases - Otitis Media - coeliac disease - cystic fibrosis - renal disease

What are the treatment options for Incisor MIH?

- Etch - Bleach - Seal - Bleach - Composite - Bleach + Composite - Microabrasion

What are the 4 categories of child abuse?

1) Neglect 2) Emotional 3) Physical 4) Sexual

What is the ideal time to extract a compromised first permanent molar?

- root bi-furcation of 7s forming | - usually 8-10 years old (9 dental age)

In order to keep a FPM for as long as possible before XLA (i.e. For space maintenance), what would you use to restore it?

- GIC (RMGI) | - SSC

Who's Christine's future husband?

Calvin Harris

Who is Christine in love with?

Calvin Harris

What does Christine dream about at night?

Calvin Harris

What's Christine's screensaver on her phone?

Ishan (1/2 points for Calvin Harris)

What's Christine's darkest secret?

Savan