CDFA Flashcards
Any transfer of property between spouses during marriage or any transfer of property between spouses (or former spouses if it is incident to a divorce) is tax-free. No gain or loss is recognized, and for income tax purposes, the transferee’s basis and holding period in the property is the adjusted basis and holding period of the transferor
IRC 1041
- The transfer occurs within one year after the divorce; OR
- The transfer is pursuant to the divorce decree, AND
- The transfer occurs not more than six years after the divorce
Incident to Divorce IRC 1041-1T, Q7
If one spouses is nonresident alien OR
Transfer of Services
Will not qualify under IRC 1041
The owner may elect to deduct the cost (expense) of certain types of trade or business property in the year property is purchased, subject to certain limitations based upon the cost of the property and trade or business income
Business Expense Recapture IRC 179
Provides tax liability relief for a spouse who signs a joint tax return and has no knowledge of the understatement of tax
IRC 6015: Innocent Spouse Rule
- Joint tax return filed;
- Understatement of tax attributable to erroneous items from one spouse;
- Did not know, and had no reason to know, there was an understatement of tax;
- Inequitable to hold liable for deficiency; and
- Elects no later than 2 years after collection activities have begun
Requirements of IRC 6015: Innocent Spouse Rule
Custodial parent is entitled if has a qualifying child and meets the low income household requirement
IRC 32: Earned Income Tax Credit
This section of the IRS Code states that alimony and separate maintenance payments are generally taxable to the recipient and deductible from gross income by the payor.
IRC 71: Pre-2019
- The payment is made in cash, check, or money order.
- There must be a written court order or separation agreement.
- The couple may not agree that the payments are not to receive alimony tax treatment.
- They may not be residing in the same household.
- They may not file a joint tax return.
- No portion of the payment may be considered child support.
Requirements for IRC 71: Pre-2019
This section of the IRS Code allows the alternate payee to receive money from a qualified plan, pursuant to a QDRO, without having to pay a 10% tax penalty.
IRC 71(t)2(c)
The distribution would still be subject to
ordinary income tax and the custodian must withhold 20%
When alternate payee receives money from qualified plan (even if no 10% tax penalty
How to avoid 20% tax withholding for distribution to alternate payee of qualified plan
IRC 401(a)(31) Direct transfer to other retirement plan (i.e. IRA) with no payment going directly to alternate payee
Form 1065
Partnership
Form 1120
Corporation
Form 1120S
S - Corp
This section of the IRS Code states that a spouse is considered abandoned
IRC 7703
- The spouse pays more than half the cost of maintaining household
- Files a separate tax return.
- Household is the principal home of dependent child for more than
six months and the entitled to claim the dependency exemption - Lives separate from spouse for the last six months of the tax year.
Conditions for 7703: Abandoned Spouse
If you receive government Pension not subject to SSI, then benefits entitled to for spouse’s SSI is reduced by 2/3 (i.e. $2 for every $3)
Social Security Offset
N = years from 65 to life expectancy x 12
I = Interest rate / 12
PMT = monthly pension payment
FV = 0
Formula for Future Value (FV) - Step 1 for Pension Value
FV = answer from Step 1
I = interest rate (do not use inflation adj.)
PMT = 0
N= number of years until age 65
Formula for Present Value (PV) - Step 2 for Pension Value
[(1 + discount rate/1+inflation rate) - 1] x 100
Inflation Adjusted Interest Rate for Cost of Living Increase related to Pensions
When support decreases by more than $15,000 during first 3 years
IRC 71(f): Recapture of Excess Spousal Support
Prevent funds for property settlement being disguised as SS to transfer income tax to the payee
Purpose of Recapture
- Support paid in year 3 - Support paid in year 2
- Support paid in year 2 - answer from #1
- (Support paid in year 2 + support paid in year 3)/2
- (Support paid in year 1 - answer of step 3) - $15,000
Formula for Recapture of Excess SS: IRC 71 (f)2-4
- Either spouse dies before end of third post-separation year;
- Payee remarries before end of third post-separation year; OR
- Payment fluctuates for reasons out of payor control (i.e. Ostler-Smith order)
Exceptions to Recapture: IRC 71(f)(5)
Tax for early withdrawal from retirement
IRC 72(t)(1)
When allowed to withdraw from retirement without penalty normally
59 1/2
May withdraw without penalty if not lump-sum
IRC 72(t)
- If employer securities are distributed, the tax on all unrealized appreciation on the
securities is deferred until sale - Active participation in plans before 1974 is taxable as a long-term capital gain BUT
- The portion from active participation after 1973 is taxable as ordinary income.
IRC 402: Qualifies as lump-sum distribution from retirement
- Must provide a direct rollover option.
- Imposes a mandatory 20% withholding on any eligible rollover not directly to another retirement plan
- Written notice to participants within reasonable time before distribution
Requirements of USCA
Unemployment Compensation Amendment of 1992
USCA
Required deadline for deposit into new IRA when withdrawn (instead of direct transfer) to avoid tax/penalties
60 days
If an IRA is transferred from one spouse to the other spouse pursuant to a divorce decree, the interest in the IRA is treated as the recipient spouse’s IRA and the transfer between the spouses is tax-free
IRC 408(d)(6)
Election to take equal and periodic payments over taxpayer life expectancy
Exception to early withdrawal penalty IRC 72(t)(4)
- Separated from employer providing plan
- Cannot add anything to account
- Can only take the equal payments
- Only one per account
- Cannot modify until 5 years or reach 59 1/2 (whichever is longer)
Requirements for SoSEPP: IRC 72(t)(4)
Extends to 36 months
COBRA for spouse based upon divorce
What tax is capped?
SSI
Excluded as income for tax purposes
Life insurance proceeds during marriage or incident to divorce decree
Who gets recapture of depreciation of asset subject to depreciation is transferred between spouses subject to divorce
Transferee
Who gets recapture of depreciation of asset subject to depreciation is transferred other than incident to divorce
Transferor
Time rule
Percentage based upon number of years working while married divided by total number of years working
IRC for Vesting Requirement
IRC 411
An employee who has at least five years of service must have a non-forfeitable right to 100% of the employee’s accrued benefit
5-year cliff vesting: IRC 411(a)(2)
(A)
An employee who has completed at
least three years of service must have a non-forfeitable right to at least the
following percentages of his or her accrued benefit:
1. 20% after three years of
service
2. 40% after four years of service
3. 60% after five years of service
4. 80% after
six years of service
5. 100% after seven years of service
7 year graded vesting: IRC 411(a)(2)(B).
An alternate payee’s right to receive all or a portion of the benefits payable with respect to a participant under a pension plan with specified requirements
IRC 414(p)(1)(A)(i)
The plan participant’s full legal name and current address of the participant as well as those of any alternate payee referenced in the order
IRC 414(p)(2)(A)
The calculable amount, percentage or manner of the participant’s benefits that should be paid to any alternate payee covered by the Order
IRC 414(p)(2)(B)
The number of payments or time period for which the Order applies
IRC 414(p)
(2)(C)
- The official plan name to which the Order applies
- Indication that the Order relates to the provision of child support, alimony payments or marital property rights to a spouse, former spouse, child or
dependent of the participant - Indication that the Order is pursuant to a state’s domestic relations law
Other IRC 414(p) requirement
1.Require a plan to provide a type or form of benefit not available to other plan participants (A)
2. Require the plan to provide increased benefits(on the basis of actuarial value. (B)
3. Require payments to an alternate payee that are not required to be paid to another alternate payee under another order previously qualified as a QDRO (C)
QDROs unable to do IRC 414 (p)(3)
Established laws relating to the attachment of pension benefits, thereby putting family law courts into a quandary as to how to treat retirement plan assets that state courts clearly determined were marital property
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA)
Recognizes military retirement benefits as marital property and asserts that a state court may divide them pursuant to state law.
Uniformed Services Former Spouses’ Protection Act (USFSPA)
- Not to exceed one-half
- Military during marriage for at least 10 years
Requirements of Uniformed Services Former Spouses’ Protection Act (USFSPA)
Provides that qualified plans subject to ERISA may segregate assets for “alternate payee” through QDRO
Retirement Equity Act of 1984 (REA)
Added IRC 1041 and existence of QDROs
Tax Reform Act of 1984 (TRA)
COLA
Cost of Living Adjustment
Means ownership (in retirement terms)
Vested
Purchase Cost + Improvements
Cost Basis
Selling Price - Expenses for Sale - Cost Basis
Gain/Loss for Tax Purposes
Capital Gain Exclusion Amount for Single/Divorced
$250,000
Capital Gain Exclusion Amount for Married and Filing Joint Returns
$500,000
- Principal residence for 2 of last 5 years (not required to be consecutive)
Requirement for capital gain exclusion