CDCs

Question 1

In the definition of epidemiology, distribution refers to what?

Answer 1

who, when, where

Question 2

In the definition of epidemiology, determinants generally includes

Answer 2

agents, causes, risk factors, sources

Question 3

The hallmark feature of an analytic epidemiologic study is what?

Answer 3

use of an appropriate comparison group

Question 4

A cohort differs from a case control study in that….

Answer 4

subjects are enrolled or categorized on the basis of their exposure status in a cohort study but not in a case study

Question 5

The epidemiological triad of disease causation refers to…

Answer 5

agent, host, environment

Question 6

A reservoir of an infectious agent can be…

Answer 6

an asymptomatic human, a symptomatic human, an animal, the environment

Question 7

usually 40-50 cases per week, last week was 48 cases

Answer 7

endemic

Question 8

Fewer than 10 cases per week, last week 1 case

Answer 8

sporadic

Question 9

Usually no more than 2-4 cases per week, last week 13 cases

Answer 9

outbreak

Question 10

A propagated epidemic is usually the result of what type of exposure?

Answer 10

person-person

Question 11

mode

Answer 11

value that occurs most often

Question 12

Median

Answer 12

has half the observations below it and half above it

Question 13

Mean

Answer 13

statistically closest to all of the values in the distribution

Question 14

Geometric mean

Answer 14

statistically closest to all of the values in the distribution on a log scale

Question 15

The measure of central location generally preferred for summarizing skewed data?

Answer 15

median

Question 16

Meaasure of central location generally preferred for additional statistical analysis

Answer 16

Mean

Question 17

Measures of spread

Answer 17

interquartile range, range, standard deviation, variance

Question 18

Measure of spread most affected by one extreme value

Answer 18

range

Question 19

Measure of central location most commonly used with the interquartile range

Answer 19

median

Question 20

Measure of central location most commonly used with standard deviation

Answer 20

arithmetic mean

Question 21

Relationship between standard deviation and variance

Answer 21

standard deviation is square root of variance

Question 22

Primary use of the standard error of the mean

Answer 22

confidence interval

Question 23

Examples of frequency measures?

Answer 23

birth rate incidence, mortality rate, prevalence

Question 24

women in A who died from lung cancer in 2004 / women in A who did from cancer in 2004

Answer 24

ratio or proportion

Question 25

Women in A who died from lung cancer in 2004/ women in A who died from breast cancer in 2004

Answer 25

ratio

Question 26

women in A who died from lung cancer in 2004/ estimated women living in A on Jul7 1, 2004

Answer 26

ratio and mortality rate

Question 27

Measure of risk

Answer 27

incidence

Question 28

generally preferred for chronic diseases without clear date of onset

Answer 28

prevalence

Question 29

Used in calculation of risk ratio

Answer 29

incidence

Question 30

affected by duration of illness

Answer 30

prevalence

Question 31

number of children <365 days of age who died in country A in 2004/ number of live births in country A in 2004

Answer 31

ratio, mortality rate

Question 32

number of deaths due to septicemia among men aged 65-74 years in 2004/ estimated number of men aged 65-74 years alive on July 1, 2004

Answer 32

age specific mortality rate, cause specific mortality rate, sex specific mortality rate

Question 33

Vaccine efficacy measures what?

Answer 33

the proportionate reduction in disease among vaccines

Question 34

Tables ad graphs are important tools for which tasks of an epidemiologist?

Answer 34

data summarization, data analysis, data presentation

Question 35

Define table shell

Answer 35

table with labels and title but without data

Question 36

WHen is the best time to create table shells?

Answer 36

as part of planning the study

Question 37

Define cumulative frequency curve

Answer 37

plotted curve usually begins in the lower left corner

Question 38

Scatter diagram

Answer 38

requires more than one variable, two continuous variables

Question 39

Number of cases of dog bites over time

Answer 39

histogram and line graph

Question 40

NUmber of cases of dog bites by age group and sex of the victim

Answer 40

grouped bar graph

Question 41

number of cases of dog bites by breed of the dog

Answer 41

pie graph

Question 42

Number of cases of dog bites per 100,000 population over time

Answer 42

line graph

Question 43

Public health surveillance can be described as which of the following?

Answer 43

a method to monitor occurrences of public health problems

Question 44

Vital statistics are important sources of data on which of the following?

Answer 44

mortality

Question 45

state-based with subsequent reporting to CDC

Answer 45

notifiable disease surveillance

Question 46

Focused on identifying individual cases

Answer 46

notifiable disease surveillance

Question 47

Can monitor trends over time

Answer 47

both notifiable disease surveillance and surveillance for consumer product related injuries

Question 48

Complete, unbiased reporting

Answer 48

neither

Question 49

Surveillance detected 23 of 30 actual cases of disease

Answer 49

sensitivity

Question 50

Of 16 statistically significant aberrations detected by syndromic surveillance, only one represented an actual outbreak of disease

Answer 50

predictive value positive