CD5 Labelling Theories

Question 1

Relativity of crime and deviance (theorist)

This theory refers to how crime can be relative if you take into consideration context, history, culture, generation (or age).

Answer 1

Becker

Question 2

Who and what is a moral entrepreneur?

Examples of moral entrepreneurs are government and law makers

Answer 2

The people who decide what is morally acceptable within society.

Question 3

Formal and informal agencies of social control

Answer 3

Formal - police, criminal justice system, and courts

Informal - peers and society

Question 4

Consequences of labelling, clues will be given bellow
1. no clue for this one
2. An attempt to control deviance leads to greater amounts of that deviance
3. Individual is treated differently because of a particular aspect of themselves, specifically a label.

What can number 3 lead to?

Answer 4

Consequences of labelling
1. Self full-filling prophecy
2. Deviancy amplification
3. Master status

A master status can lead to a deviant or criminal career provided that the label prevents them from accessing legitimate means of achieving social goals

Question 5

Evaluation _ strengths and limitations of labelling theories
Strengths
*———— the social construction of crime and deviance
*Identifies and ——– the role of the ——– in crime and deviance.
*Shows how deviant ——- can be established.

Limitations
*——- becomes the —— therefore not to blame for deviant behaviour
*?
* Doesn’t explain — people commit the ——– deviance
* Doesn’t explain where ———— come from.

Answer 5

Strengths
*Emphasises the social construction of crime and deviance
*Identifies and reveals the role of the powerful in crime and deviance.
*Shows how deviant careers can be established.

Limitations
*Deviant becomes the victim therefore not to blame for deviant behaviour
*Deterministic
* Doesn’t explain why people commit the original deviance
* Doesn’t explain where stereotypes come from.

Question 6

Whose is the theory of consequences of labelling?

The theory that includes master status

Answer 6

Young

Question 7

Whose is the theory of typifications?
Also what common sense theories and stereotypes of a ‘‘typical criminal”

Answer 7

Cicourel’s

Question 8

What does Cicourel believe in relation to labelling and the creation of typifications?

Answer 8

Labeling leads to selective law enforcement and negotiation of justice, since the police is more likely to focus on a labelled group and reinforce the stereotype created.

Question 9

Braithwaite talks about…?

Answer 9

Disintegrative and reintegrative labelling

Question 10

What is the difference between disintegrative and reintegrative labelling

Answer 10

Disintegrative - labels individual and aims to punish
Reintegrative - labels behaviour and aims to reintegrate individual into society after behaviour is corrected.

Question 11

What are the stages for that lead to a deviant career according to Lemert?

Answer 11

Criminal or deviant act is committed
Action is witnessed
Label attached to individual
Individual is rejected by society
Individual rejects society
Deviant career