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Post Midterm - Immuno > CD4+ T Cell Subsets > Flashcards

CD4+ T Cell Subsets Flashcards

1
Q

CD4+ Th cell functions

A

▪ Effector function mechanisms:

• Secretion of cytokines

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2
Q

Cell mediated immunity vs humoral immunity

A

CMI - activate phagocytes (Th1)- intracellular organisms

Humoral immunity- extracellular organisms

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3
Q

Cytokines involved in CMI (intracellular)

A

IL-12 and IFN- Y

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4
Q

From Naïve to Effector CD4+ T cell

A

Naïve T cells are stimulated by microbial antigen presented by dendritic cells in the lymph nodes and spleen
▪ Express adhesion molecule: L-selectin
▪ Express chemokine receptor CCR7 (selective migration into lymph node)
▪ Gives rise to effector cell

▪ Differentiated effector T cell
migrate to site of infection

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5
Q

Activated T cell - Il12

A

-Th1
-IFN-g
TNF-a
-chronic inflammation and CMI

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6
Q

Activated T cell - IL4

A 
Th2 
IL-4
IL-5
IL-10 
Humoral immunity and allergies
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7
Q

Activated T cell - IL6,IL1 and TGF-b

A

Th17
IL-17,IL-21,IL22
Inflammation and fungal immunity

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8
Q

Activated TGF-b

A

Treg
TGF-b
IL-10
Tolerance , immune suppression , regulation

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9
Q

IL 6 and IL21

A

CXCR5
Tfh
IL21
B cell differentiation and autoimmunity

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10
Q

Th1 cells

A 
Production of IFN-g:
▪ Stimulate phagocyte-mediated
ingestion
• Expression of lysosomal proteases
• Synthesis of reactive oxygen
species and nitric oxide (deals with organisms that escape the phagosome)
▪ Stimulate production of antibodies that promote phagocytosis (IgG)
▪ Stimulate expression of Class II MHC and B7 on APCs (amplify T cell response)
▪ Activated macrophages produce IL-12
• Drives CD4+ T cells to Th1 cells
(amplification)
▪ Same reaction: delayed type
hypersensitivity (DTH)
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11
Q

Resistance of microbes to cell-mediated immunity-intracellular bacteria

A

inhibit fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes
• Escape into cytosol
• Escape phagocyte killing

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12
Q

Resistance of microbes to cell-mediated immunity- viruses

A

-inhibit class I MHC-associated antigen presentation
-inhibitory cytokines or decoy soluble
cytokine receptors that neutralize cytokines (
-directly infect T-cells (HIV-CD4+ T cells)

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13
Q

Mycobacteria resistance

A

They survive within the phagosome

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14
Q

HSV,CMV,EBV resistance

A

The inhibition of antigen presentation

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15
Q

Pox virus resistance

A

Inhibition of effected cell activation : production of soluble cytokine receptors

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16
Q

Di George syndrome

A

• Born without thymus,
lack T cell component
• Can fight extracellular pathogens but have issues with intracellular pathogens (viruses, intracellular bacteria)
-catch 22

17
Q

Th2 cells

A
  • humoral mediated immunity
  • IL-4 ,IL5
  • IL4 and IL-13 leading to IL10 production by M2
18
Q

Alternative macrophage activation (M2)

A

✓Synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins for repair ✓inhibit microbicidal activity of macrophages
(suppresses Th1 cell-mediated immunity)
-anti inflammatory

19
Q

Th1 up

A

Autoimmune problem

Internal threat

20
Q

Th1 down

A

Cancer (hepatitis,HIV,shingles ,TB )

21
Q

Th2 up

A

Allergic reaction

22
Q

Th2 down

A

Infection

Extracellular organisms

23
Q

Mycobacterium - Th1 response

A

Tuberculoid leprosy

24
Q

Mycobacterium leprae - defective Th1 or dominant Th2

A

Lepomatous leprosy

25
Q

Th17: inflammatory response

A
  • inflammation
  • defensins
  • extracellular bacteria and fungi
  • IL-17
  • IL-22
26
Q

IL17

A

•recruit leukocytes (neutrophils)

27
Q

IL22

A

• IL-22 important in epithelial barrier integrity

28
Q

Th17 defects

A

bacterial abscesses and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

29
Q

Memory T lymphocytes

A
  • need IL7 to stay alive

- responsible for secondary response

30
Q

Memory T lymphocytes in lymphoid organ

A

central memory cells: rapid clonal expansion

31
Q

Memory T lymphocytes found in peripheral tissue

A

effector memory cells: rapid effector cell

32
Q

Clonal anergy

A

• Inability of cells to proliferate in response to
engagement with MHC-peptide complex
• Due to absence of appropriate costimulatory signal or inhibition by CTLA-4 or another inhibitory signal

Post Midterm - Immuno (5 decks)

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