CD's and cytokines

Question 1

CD3

Answer 1

Main cellular expression: all T cells

Fx: associates with the TCR and mediates TCR signaling

Question 2

CD4

Answer 2

Other names:
Main cellular expression: T helper, MHC class II reactive T cells, monocytes, macrophages
Fx: binds to MHC class II and helps in signaling for MHC II reactive T cells, binds to HIV

Question 3

CD8

Answer 3

Other names:
Main cellular expression: CTLs, MHC class I reactive T cells
Fx: binds to MHC class I and helps in signaling for MHC I reactive T cells

Question 4

CD28

Answer 4

Other names:
Main cellular expression: T cells
Fx: Costimulatory molecule for T cell activation, binds to CD80 and CD86

Question 5

CD40

Answer 5

Other names:
Main cellular expression: B cells, macrophages, DCs
Fx: Binds to CD154, involved in activation of B cells, DCs and macrophages

Question 6

CD80

Answer 6

Other names: b7, b7-1
Main cellular expression: B cells, macrophages, DCs
Fx: binds to CD28 and CTLA-4, costimulator for T cell activation

Question 7

CD86

Answer 7

Other names: b7-2
Main cellular expression: B cells, macrophages, DCs
Fx: binds to CD28 and CTLA-4, costimulator for T cell activation

Question 8

CD95

Answer 8

Other names: Fas, APO-1
Main cellular expression: activated T and B cells, monocytes
Fx: induces apoptosis upon interaction with CD178

Question 9

CD154

Answer 9

Other names: CD40 ligand, CD40L
Main cellular expression: activated CD4+ T cells
Fx: Binds to CD40 activates B cells, DCs, and macrophages

Question 10

CD178

Answer 10

Other names: Fas-ligand
Main cellular expression: Induced on T cells and NK cells
Fx: Binds to Fas and induces apoptosis on Fas+ cels; important for regulation of the immune response

Question 11

“CD molecules”

Answer 11

Cluster of differentiation

Denotes cell surface molecules - either antigens, receptors, etc

Question 12

“Cytokine”

Answer 12

Any intercellular mediator involved in immune function
Includes interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factors (TNF), interferons, etc

Question 13

IL-1

Answer 13

Main immune cell source: macrophages, B cells, NK cells
Other sources: endothelium, fibroblasts, astrocytes, etc
Targets: T cells, B cells, macrophages, endothelium
Effects: lymphocyte activation, macrophage stimulation, inc leukocyte-endothelium adhesion, acute phase proteins, fever

Question 14

IL-2

Answer 14

Main immune cell source: T cells
Other sources:
Targets: T cells, NK cells
Effects: T cell and NK cell activation and proliferation

Question 15

IL-4

Answer 15

Main immune cell source: T cells, Th2 cells, mast cells
Other sources:
Targets: B cells, T cells
Effects: B cell growth factor, isotope switching to IgE, Th2 cell differentiation, suppress Th1 cells

Question 16

IL-5

Answer 16

Main immune cell source: T cells, mast cells, Th2 cells
Other sources:
Targets: B cells
Effects: B cell growth factor, isotope switching to IgA, eosinophil growth

Question 17

IL-6

Answer 17

Main immune cell source: T cells, B cells, macrophages
Other sources: endothelium, fibroblasts, astrocytes, stromal cells, etc
Targets: T cells, B cells, macrophages
Effects: induces acute phase response, regulates Th17 differentiation and proliferation of antibody producing cells

Question 18

IL-10

Answer 18

Main immune cell source: T cells, Th2 cells
Other sources:
Targets: Th1 cells
Effects: inhibition of cytokine synthesis and macrophage function

Question 19

IL-12

Answer 19

Main immune cell source: monocytes, APCs
Other sources:
Targets: Th1 cells, NK cells
Effects: differentiation of Th1 cells, activation of NK cells

Question 20

TNF-alpha

Answer 20

Main immune cell source: lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells
Other sources:
Targets: many cells
Effects: pro inflammatory, endothelial activation, shock, acute phase proteins, PMN activation

Question 21

TGF-beta

Answer 21

Main immune cell source: T cells, monocytes
Other sources: most cells
Targets: most cells
Effects: inhibits cell activation, anti-inflammatory, promotes IgA secretion

Question 22

Interferon-alpha/beta

Answer 22

Main immune cell source: most cells
Other sources: most cells
Targets: most cells
Effects: antiviral, increased MHC class I expression

Question 23

Interferon-gamma

Answer 23

Main immune cell source: NK cells, T cells
Other sources:
Targets: macrophages, B cells, endothelium, DCs
Effects: increased MHC class II expression, macrophage activation, IgG class switching, suppress Th2 cells