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CCs and DDx Flashcards

1
Q

Headaches (DDx)

A
  • divided into primary (migraine) or secondary (trauma, infxn)
  • migraine
  • tension HA
  • cluster HA
  • Meningitis/encephalitis/brain abscess
  • Sinusitis
  • Intracerebral hemorrhage
  • SAH
  • SDH
  • EDH
  • Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
  • Temporal arteritis
  • Cancer
  • Trigeminal neuralgia
  • Med overuse HA
  • Stroke/TIA
  • Carotid artery dissection
  • Vertebral a. dissection
  • Withdrawal (EtOH, caffeine, opioid) [analgesic rebound]
  • TMJ disorder
  • Pseudotumor cerebri

-HTN crisis

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2
Q

Confusion (DDx)

A
  • Remember need Hx from fam/caregiver
  • do mini-mental status exam, gait, ENT, C/P/Abd/Extremities
  • Vascular dementia
  • Alzheimer disease
  • NPH
  • Chronic SDH
  • Cancer
  • Depression
  • B12 def
  • Neurosyphilis
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Creutzfeldt jakob disease
  • Lewy body dementia
  • Wernicke encephalopathy
  • Delirium
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Stroke/TIA
  • Medication induced
  • SIADH
  • CNS infxn
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3
Q

Loss of vision (DDx)

A
  • Retinal artery occlusion
  • Retinal vein occlusion
  • Acute angle closure glaucoma
  • Retinal detachment
  • Temporal arteritis
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4
Q

Dizziness (DDx)

A
  • Meniere disease
  • BPPV
  • Labyrinthitis
  • Vestibular neuronitis
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
  • Cardiac arrhythmia
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5
Q

LOC (DDx)

A
  • Generalized tonic clonic seizure
  • Substance abuse/OD
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Cardiac arrhythmia
  • Syncope
  • Severe aortic stenosis
  • PE
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6
Q

Numbness/Weakness (DDx)

A
  • TIA/stroke
  • Migraine w/ sensory aura
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Seizure w/ Todd paresis
  • SDH/EDH
  • Guillain Barre syndrome
  • MS
  • Transverse myelitis
  • Spinal cord compression
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • CNS vasculitis
  • B12 def
  • Neurosyphilis
  • Alcoholic peripheral neuropathy
  • Uremic nephropathy
  • MG/Lambert Eaton syndrome
  • Carpel tunnel syndrome
  • Cervical disk disease
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7
Q

Fatigue (DDx)

A
  • Depression
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Anemia (CRC)
  • PTSD
  • GAD
  • Hypercalcemia
  • DM
  • OSA
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome
  • Narcolepsy
  • Shift work sleep disorder
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8
Q

Night sweats (DDx)

A
  • TB
  • Acute HIV infxn
  • Lymphoma
  • Leukemia
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Carcinoid syndrome
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9
Q

Sore throat (DDx)

A
  • Infectious mononucleosis
  • Viral/bac pharyngitis
  • Acute HIV infxn (acute retroviral s/d)
  • Secondary syphilis
  • Strep tonsillitis/Scarlet fever
  • Mycoplasma pneumonia
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10
Q

Cough/SOB (DDx)

A
  • Asthma
  • GERD
  • Bronchitis
  • Pneumonitis
  • COPD (chronic bronchitis)
  • COPD exacerbation
  • Emphysema
  • Bronchiectasis
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Lung cancer
  • TB
  • PNA (PCP, etc)
  • Lung abscess
  • Atypical PNA
  • URI assoc cough
  • Postnasal drip
  • Vasculitis (granulomatosis w/ polyangitis)
  • CHF; cardiac valvular disease
  • Sarcoidosis
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11
Q

Chest pain (DDx)

A
  • MI
  • Stable angina
  • GERD
  • Costochondritis
  • Aortic dissection
  • Pericarditis
  • PE
  • Pneumothorax
  • Sickle cell disease (acute chest syndrome)
  • PNA
  • PUD
  • Esophageal spasm or rupture
  • Pancreatitis
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12
Q

Palpitations (DDx)

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Cardiac arrhythmia
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Mitral valve prolapse
  • Panic attack/GAD
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Carcinoid syndrome
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13
Q

Weight loss (DDx)

A
  • Cancer
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • HIV
  • Dieting/diet drugs
  • Anorexia nervosa
  • Malabsorption
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14
Q

Weight gain (DDx)

A
  • Smoking cessation
  • Rx SEs
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Cushing syndrome
  • POS
  • DM
  • Atypical depression
  • Insulinoma
  • Reactive postprandial hypoglycemia
  • Pregnancy
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15
Q

Dysphagia (DDx)

A
  • Esophageal cancer
  • Achalasia
  • Esophagitis (CMV, HSV, HIV, pill)
  • Systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome)
  • Esophageal strictures
  • Plummer Vinson syndrome
  • Diffuse esophageal spasm
  • Zenker diverticulum
  • GERD
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16
Q

Neck mass (DDx)

A
  • Hodgkin/Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
  • TB
  • HIV
  • Thyroid nodule
  • Met GI/H&N cancer
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17
Q

Nausea/Vomiting (DDx)

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Infxn
  • Hypercalcemia
  • DM
  • Gastritis
  • GERD
  • GI obstruction
  • UTI
  • Depression or eating disorder
  • Substance use (EtOH, cocaine, etc.)
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18
Q

Abdominal pain (DDx)

A
  • Nephrolithiasis
  • RCC
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Appi
  • PDAC or pancreatitis
  • Cholangiocarcinoma
  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis or Primary biliary cirrhosis
  • Cholecystitis/choledocolithiasis/ascending cholangitis
  • Acute vital hep
  • Acute EtOH hep
  • AAA
  • PUD/gastritis/GERD
  • Mesenteric ischemia
  • Boerhaave syndrome
  • Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome
  • Acute GN
  • Splenic rupture or infarct
  • Intestinal obstruction/Ileus
  • Volvulus
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Hernia
  • Diverticulitis
  • Ovarian/testicular torsion
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Ruptured ovarian cyst or PID
  • IBD or IBS
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19
Q

Constipation/Diarrhea (DDx)

A
  • CRC
  • IBS/IBD
  • Diverticulosis
  • GI parasitic infxn (ascariasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidosis)
  • Low fiber diet
  • Depression
  • Heroin abuse
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Celiac disease
  • Chronic pancreatitis
  • Lactose intolerance
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Food poisoning
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Small bowel lymphoma
  • Carcinoid syndrome
20
Q

Upper GI bleed (DDx)

A
  • Bleeding peptic ulcer
  • Gastritis
  • Gastric cancer
  • Esophageal varices
  • Mallory Weiss tear
21
Q

Bloody stool/Melena (DDx)

A
  • CRC
  • Diverticulosis
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Anal fissure
  • Angiodysplasia
  • Upper GI bleeding
  • IBD
  • Ischemic bowel disease
  • Proctitis
  • Dysentery
22
Q

Hematuria (DDx)

A
  • Bladder cancer/RCC
  • Nephrolithiasis
  • Prostate cancer
  • Acute GN (IgA nephropathy) [nephritic syndrome]
  • Coagulation abnormality
  • PCKD (polycystic kidney disease)
  • UTI, urethritis, prostatitis
  • Myoglobinuria from rhabdo or crush syndrome
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Med SE (rifampin, cyclophosphamides, sulfonamides)
23
Q

Urinary complaints (DDx)

A
  • BPH
  • Prostate cancer
  • Urolithiasis
  • UTI
  • RCC
  • Cystitis
  • Prostatitis
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Stress/Urge/Overflow incontinence
24
Q

ED (DDx)

A
  • Drug related ED
  • HTN
  • DM
  • Psychogenic
  • Peyronie disease
25
Amenorrhea (DDx)
- Pregnancy - Anovulatory cycle - Hyperprolactinemia - Hypothyroidism - PCOS - Ovarian cancer - Premature ovarian failure - Menopause - Sheehan syndrome - Asherman syndrome - Anorexia nervosa - Anxiety induced amenorrhea
26
Vaginal bleeding (DDx)
- Dysfunction uterine bleeding - Coagulation disorder - Cervical cancer - Molar pregnancy - Hypothyroidism - Endometrial cancer - Endometrial hyperplasia/polyp - Cervicitis - Trauma - Spontaneous abortion - Ectopic pregnancy
27
Vaginal discharge (DDx)
- Bac vaginosis - Candida vaginitis - Trichomonal vaginitis - Cervicitis (chlamydia, gonorrhea)
28
Dyspareunia (DDx)
- Atrophic vaginitis - Endometriosis - Cervicitis - Domestic violence - Vaginismus - Vulvodynia - PID - Depression
29
Joint pain (DDx)
- Rheumatoid arthritis - Osteoarthritis - SLE - Parvovirus B19 infxn - Lyme arthritis - Disseminated gonorrhea - IBD assoc arthritis - Reiter syndrome (reactive arthritis) - Gout - Septic arthritis - Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
30
Extremity pain (DDx)
- Carpal tunnel syndrome - Median nerve compression - Radiculopathy of C6/7 nerve roots - De Quervain tenosynovitis - Fracture/trauma - Plantar fasciitis - Peripheral vasc disease (intermittet claudication) - Leriche syndrome (aortoiliac occlusive disease) - Lumbar spinal stenosis (pseudoclaudication) - DVT/superficial venous thrombosis - Myositis, polymyositis - Cellulitis - Rhabdomyolysis
31
Lower back pain (DDx)
- Disk herniation - Lumbar muscle strain - Tumor in vertebral canal - Vertebral compression fracture - Lumbar spinal stenosis - Ankylosing spondylitis - Peripheral vascular disease - Malingering
32
Pediatric Fever (DDx)
- Neonatal sepsis - Meningitis - PNA - Pyelonephritis - Acute otitis media - URI - Gastroenteritis - UTI - Intussusception - Volvulus
33
Pediatric GI complaints (DDx)
- Pyloric stenosis - Duodenal atresia - GERD - Gastroenteritis - Hepatitis - Hirschsprung disease - Anal stenosis - Hypothyroidism - Lead poisoning - Celiac disease - Malabsorption - Intussusception - Meckel diverticulum - Volvulus - Enterocolitis - Colic - Formula allergy - Lactose intolerance - Testicular torsion
34
Pediatric Red eye (DDx)
- Bacterial conjunctivitis - Viral conjunctivitis - Allergic conjunctivitis - Keratitis - Uveitis - Orbital cellulitis - Preseptal cellulitis
35
Child behavioral problems (DDx)
- ADHD - ODD - Conduct disorder - Hyperthyroidism - Adjustment disorder - Substance abuse - Age appropriate behavior
36
Abdominal distension (DDx)
- Bowel perforation - Ascites - Small bowel obstruction - Acute pancreatitis - Ruptured ectopic pregnancy - Emphysematous cholecystitis - Splenic rupture - Constipation - Volvulus, ileus, intussuseption - Large ovarian cysts - Celiac, lactose intolerance
37
Breast related complaints (DDx)
- Mastitis - Galactocele - Breast cancer - Breast abscess - Fibrocystic change - Fat necrosis - Gynecomastia
38
Peripheral neuropathy (DDx)
- DM - EtOH (thiamine) - Lead poisoning - Porphyria - Medication induced - VitB12 def - Vasculitis - Guillain Barre syndrome - Infxn (Lyme) - MS - Syphilis (tabes dorsalis) - Compressive myelopathy (disk herniation, oseophytes, tumors)
39
Dental pain (DDx)
- Periodontal abscess - Pulpitis - Apical periodontitis - Apical abscess - Trigeminal neuralgia - TMJ disorder - Mouth cancers
40
Easy bruising (DDx)
- Purpura simplex - EtOH abuse - Violence/abuse - Senile purpura - Cushing's disease - Marfan's syndrome - Vit C def - Ehlers Danlos syndrome - Medication (ASA, Clopidogrel, heparin, NSAIDs, Warfarin *WU: CBC w/ peripheral blood smear, PT/PTT/INR
41
Epistaxis (DDx)
- Chronic sinusitis - Epistaxis digitorum (picking nose) - Foreign body - Intranasal neoplasm/polyp - Irritant (smoking) - Meds (topical steroids) - Rhinitis - Septal perforation - Trauma - Vasc malformation (telangiectasia) - Hemophilia - HTN - Leukemia - Cirrhosis - Meds (ASA, anticoags, NSAIDs) - Plt dysfunction - TCP
42
Flank pain (DDx)
- Kidney stone - Pyelonephritis - Ectopic pregnancy - RCC - Trauma - Ovarian/testicular torsion - AAA - Ruptured renal cyst - Ureteral stricture - Psoas abscess - Renal infarct, renal v thrombosis - PCKD
43
Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding (DDx)
*divide into uterine, vaginal and cervical - Endo cancer - Endo polyp - Endo hyperplasia - Atrophic endometritis - Submucosal leiomyoma - Tamoxifen - HM replacement therapy - Cervical cancer - Cervical polyp - Vaginal cancer - Atrophic vaginitis
44
Hoarseness (DDx)
- Laryngeal cancer - Laryngitis - Vocal cord polyp/node - GERD - Hypothyroidism - MVStenosis (compress left recurrent laryngeal nerve) *MR LOVE (Malignancy, Reflux, Laryngitis, Overuse, Valve, Endocrine)
45
Pediatric with abnormal breathing (stridor) (DDX)
- Foreign body aspiration - Croup - Epiglottitis - Laryngitis (>5yo, hoarseness) - Retropharyngeal abscess (<6yo, muffled voice, drooling) - Angioedema (stridor, facial edema) - Peritonsillar abscess (>10yo, sore throat, tonsillitis) - Laryngeal papilloma (3mo-3yo, hoarseness)

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