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Step2CS > CCs and DDx > Flashcards

CCs and DDx Flashcards

1
Q

Headaches (DDx)

A
  • divided into primary (migraine) or secondary (trauma, infxn)
  • migraine
  • tension HA
  • cluster HA
  • Meningitis/encephalitis/brain abscess
  • Sinusitis
  • Intracerebral hemorrhage
  • SAH
  • SDH
  • EDH
  • Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
  • Temporal arteritis
  • Cancer
  • Trigeminal neuralgia
  • Med overuse HA
  • Stroke/TIA
  • Carotid artery dissection
  • Vertebral a. dissection
  • Withdrawal (EtOH, caffeine, opioid) [analgesic rebound]
  • TMJ disorder
  • Pseudotumor cerebri

-HTN crisis

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2
Q

Confusion (DDx)

A
  • Remember need Hx from fam/caregiver
  • do mini-mental status exam, gait, ENT, C/P/Abd/Extremities
  • Vascular dementia
  • Alzheimer disease
  • NPH
  • Chronic SDH
  • Cancer
  • Depression
  • B12 def
  • Neurosyphilis
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Creutzfeldt jakob disease
  • Lewy body dementia
  • Wernicke encephalopathy
  • Delirium
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Stroke/TIA
  • Medication induced
  • SIADH
  • CNS infxn
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3
Q

Loss of vision (DDx)

A
  • Retinal artery occlusion
  • Retinal vein occlusion
  • Acute angle closure glaucoma
  • Retinal detachment
  • Temporal arteritis
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4
Q

Dizziness (DDx)

A
  • Meniere disease
  • BPPV
  • Labyrinthitis
  • Vestibular neuronitis
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
  • Cardiac arrhythmia
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5
Q

LOC (DDx)

A
  • Generalized tonic clonic seizure
  • Substance abuse/OD
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Cardiac arrhythmia
  • Syncope
  • Severe aortic stenosis
  • PE
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6
Q

Numbness/Weakness (DDx)

A
  • TIA/stroke
  • Migraine w/ sensory aura
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Seizure w/ Todd paresis
  • SDH/EDH
  • Guillain Barre syndrome
  • MS
  • Transverse myelitis
  • Spinal cord compression
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • CNS vasculitis
  • B12 def
  • Neurosyphilis
  • Alcoholic peripheral neuropathy
  • Uremic nephropathy
  • MG/Lambert Eaton syndrome
  • Carpel tunnel syndrome
  • Cervical disk disease
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7
Q

Fatigue (DDx)

A
  • Depression
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Anemia (CRC)
  • PTSD
  • GAD
  • Hypercalcemia
  • DM
  • OSA
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome
  • Narcolepsy
  • Shift work sleep disorder
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8
Q

Night sweats (DDx)

A
  • TB
  • Acute HIV infxn
  • Lymphoma
  • Leukemia
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Carcinoid syndrome
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9
Q

Sore throat (DDx)

A
  • Infectious mononucleosis
  • Viral/bac pharyngitis
  • Acute HIV infxn (acute retroviral s/d)
  • Secondary syphilis
  • Strep tonsillitis/Scarlet fever
  • Mycoplasma pneumonia
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10
Q

Cough/SOB (DDx)

A
  • Asthma
  • GERD
  • Bronchitis
  • Pneumonitis
  • COPD (chronic bronchitis)
  • COPD exacerbation
  • Emphysema
  • Bronchiectasis
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Lung cancer
  • TB
  • PNA (PCP, etc)
  • Lung abscess
  • Atypical PNA
  • URI assoc cough
  • Postnasal drip
  • Vasculitis (granulomatosis w/ polyangitis)
  • CHF; cardiac valvular disease
  • Sarcoidosis
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11
Q

Chest pain (DDx)

A
  • MI
  • Stable angina
  • GERD
  • Costochondritis
  • Aortic dissection
  • Pericarditis
  • PE
  • Pneumothorax
  • Sickle cell disease (acute chest syndrome)
  • PNA
  • PUD
  • Esophageal spasm or rupture
  • Pancreatitis
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12
Q

Palpitations (DDx)

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Cardiac arrhythmia
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Mitral valve prolapse
  • Panic attack/GAD
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Carcinoid syndrome
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13
Q

Weight loss (DDx)

A
  • Cancer
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • HIV
  • Dieting/diet drugs
  • Anorexia nervosa
  • Malabsorption
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14
Q

Weight gain (DDx)

A
  • Smoking cessation
  • Rx SEs
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Cushing syndrome
  • POS
  • DM
  • Atypical depression
  • Insulinoma
  • Reactive postprandial hypoglycemia
  • Pregnancy
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15
Q

Dysphagia (DDx)

A
  • Esophageal cancer
  • Achalasia
  • Esophagitis (CMV, HSV, HIV, pill)
  • Systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome)
  • Esophageal strictures
  • Plummer Vinson syndrome
  • Diffuse esophageal spasm
  • Zenker diverticulum
  • GERD
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16
Q

Neck mass (DDx)

A
  • Hodgkin/Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
  • TB
  • HIV
  • Thyroid nodule
  • Met GI/H&N cancer
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17
Q

Nausea/Vomiting (DDx)

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Infxn
  • Hypercalcemia
  • DM
  • Gastritis
  • GERD
  • GI obstruction
  • UTI
  • Depression or eating disorder
  • Substance use (EtOH, cocaine, etc.)
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18
Q

Abdominal pain (DDx)

A
  • Nephrolithiasis
  • RCC
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Appi
  • PDAC or pancreatitis
  • Cholangiocarcinoma
  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis or Primary biliary cirrhosis
  • Cholecystitis/choledocolithiasis/ascending cholangitis
  • Acute vital hep
  • Acute EtOH hep
  • AAA
  • PUD/gastritis/GERD
  • Mesenteric ischemia
  • Boerhaave syndrome
  • Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome
  • Acute GN
  • Splenic rupture or infarct
  • Intestinal obstruction/Ileus
  • Volvulus
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Hernia
  • Diverticulitis
  • Ovarian/testicular torsion
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Ruptured ovarian cyst or PID
  • IBD or IBS
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19
Q

Constipation/Diarrhea (DDx)

A
  • CRC
  • IBS/IBD
  • Diverticulosis
  • GI parasitic infxn (ascariasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidosis)
  • Low fiber diet
  • Depression
  • Heroin abuse
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Celiac disease
  • Chronic pancreatitis
  • Lactose intolerance
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Food poisoning
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Small bowel lymphoma
  • Carcinoid syndrome
20
Q

Upper GI bleed (DDx)

A
  • Bleeding peptic ulcer
  • Gastritis
  • Gastric cancer
  • Esophageal varices
  • Mallory Weiss tear
21
Q

Bloody stool/Melena (DDx)

A
  • CRC
  • Diverticulosis
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Anal fissure
  • Angiodysplasia
  • Upper GI bleeding
  • IBD
  • Ischemic bowel disease
  • Proctitis
  • Dysentery
22
Q

Hematuria (DDx)

A
  • Bladder cancer/RCC
  • Nephrolithiasis
  • Prostate cancer
  • Acute GN (IgA nephropathy) [nephritic syndrome]
  • Coagulation abnormality
  • PCKD (polycystic kidney disease)
  • UTI, urethritis, prostatitis
  • Myoglobinuria from rhabdo or crush syndrome
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Med SE (rifampin, cyclophosphamides, sulfonamides)
23
Q

Urinary complaints (DDx)

A
  • BPH
  • Prostate cancer
  • Urolithiasis
  • UTI
  • RCC
  • Cystitis
  • Prostatitis
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Stress/Urge/Overflow incontinence
24
Q

ED (DDx)

A
  • Drug related ED
  • HTN
  • DM
  • Psychogenic
  • Peyronie disease
25
Q

Amenorrhea (DDx)

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Anovulatory cycle
  • Hyperprolactinemia
  • Hypothyroidism
  • PCOS
  • Ovarian cancer
  • Premature ovarian failure
  • Menopause
  • Sheehan syndrome
  • Asherman syndrome
  • Anorexia nervosa
  • Anxiety induced amenorrhea
26
Q

Vaginal bleeding (DDx)

A
  • Dysfunction uterine bleeding
  • Coagulation disorder
  • Cervical cancer
  • Molar pregnancy
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Endometrial cancer
  • Endometrial hyperplasia/polyp
  • Cervicitis
  • Trauma
  • Spontaneous abortion
  • Ectopic pregnancy
27
Q

Vaginal discharge (DDx)

A
  • Bac vaginosis
  • Candida vaginitis
  • Trichomonal vaginitis
  • Cervicitis (chlamydia, gonorrhea)
28
Q

Dyspareunia (DDx)

A
  • Atrophic vaginitis
  • Endometriosis
  • Cervicitis
  • Domestic violence
  • Vaginismus
  • Vulvodynia
  • PID
  • Depression
29
Q

Joint pain (DDx)

A
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Osteoarthritis
  • SLE
  • Parvovirus B19 infxn
  • Lyme arthritis
  • Disseminated gonorrhea
  • IBD assoc arthritis
  • Reiter syndrome (reactive arthritis)
  • Gout
  • Septic arthritis
  • Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
30
Q

Extremity pain (DDx)

A
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Median nerve compression
  • Radiculopathy of C6/7 nerve roots
  • De Quervain tenosynovitis
  • Fracture/trauma
  • Plantar fasciitis
  • Peripheral vasc disease (intermittet claudication)
  • Leriche syndrome (aortoiliac occlusive disease)
  • Lumbar spinal stenosis (pseudoclaudication)
  • DVT/superficial venous thrombosis
  • Myositis, polymyositis
  • Cellulitis
  • Rhabdomyolysis
31
Q

Lower back pain (DDx)

A
  • Disk herniation
  • Lumbar muscle strain
  • Tumor in vertebral canal
  • Vertebral compression fracture
  • Lumbar spinal stenosis
  • Ankylosing spondylitis
  • Peripheral vascular disease
  • Malingering
32
Q

Pediatric Fever (DDx)

A
  • Neonatal sepsis
  • Meningitis
  • PNA
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Acute otitis media
  • URI
  • Gastroenteritis
  • UTI
  • Intussusception
  • Volvulus
33
Q

Pediatric GI complaints (DDx)

A
  • Pyloric stenosis
  • Duodenal atresia
  • GERD
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Hepatitis
  • Hirschsprung disease
  • Anal stenosis
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Lead poisoning
  • Celiac disease
  • Malabsorption
  • Intussusception
  • Meckel diverticulum
  • Volvulus
  • Enterocolitis
  • Colic
  • Formula allergy
  • Lactose intolerance
  • Testicular torsion
34
Q

Pediatric Red eye (DDx)

A
  • Bacterial conjunctivitis
  • Viral conjunctivitis
  • Allergic conjunctivitis
  • Keratitis
  • Uveitis
  • Orbital cellulitis
  • Preseptal cellulitis
35
Q

Child behavioral problems (DDx)

A
  • ADHD
  • ODD
  • Conduct disorder
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Adjustment disorder
  • Substance abuse
  • Age appropriate behavior
36
Q

Abdominal distension (DDx)

A
  • Bowel perforation
  • Ascites
  • Small bowel obstruction
  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
  • Emphysematous cholecystitis
  • Splenic rupture
  • Constipation
  • Volvulus, ileus, intussuseption
  • Large ovarian cysts
  • Celiac, lactose intolerance
37
Q

Breast related complaints (DDx)

A
  • Mastitis
  • Galactocele
  • Breast cancer
  • Breast abscess
  • Fibrocystic change
  • Fat necrosis
  • Gynecomastia
38
Q

Peripheral neuropathy (DDx)

A
  • DM
  • EtOH (thiamine)
  • Lead poisoning
  • Porphyria
  • Medication induced
  • VitB12 def
  • Vasculitis
  • Guillain Barre syndrome
  • Infxn (Lyme)
  • MS
  • Syphilis (tabes dorsalis)
  • Compressive myelopathy (disk herniation, oseophytes, tumors)
39
Q

Dental pain (DDx)

A
  • Periodontal abscess
  • Pulpitis
  • Apical periodontitis
  • Apical abscess
  • Trigeminal neuralgia
  • TMJ disorder
  • Mouth cancers
40
Q

Easy bruising (DDx)

A
  • Purpura simplex
  • EtOH abuse
  • Violence/abuse
  • Senile purpura
  • Cushing’s disease
  • Marfan’s syndrome
  • Vit C def
  • Ehlers Danlos syndrome
  • Medication (ASA, Clopidogrel, heparin, NSAIDs, Warfarin

*WU: CBC w/ peripheral blood smear, PT/PTT/INR

41
Q

Epistaxis (DDx)

A
  • Chronic sinusitis
  • Epistaxis digitorum (picking nose)
  • Foreign body
  • Intranasal neoplasm/polyp
  • Irritant (smoking)
  • Meds (topical steroids)
  • Rhinitis
  • Septal perforation
  • Trauma
  • Vasc malformation (telangiectasia)
  • Hemophilia
  • HTN
  • Leukemia
  • Cirrhosis
  • Meds (ASA, anticoags, NSAIDs)
  • Plt dysfunction
  • TCP
42
Q

Flank pain (DDx)

A
  • Kidney stone
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • RCC
  • Trauma
  • Ovarian/testicular torsion
  • AAA
  • Ruptured renal cyst
  • Ureteral stricture
  • Psoas abscess
  • Renal infarct, renal v thrombosis
  • PCKD
43
Q

Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding (DDx)

A

*divide into uterine, vaginal and cervical

  • Endo cancer
  • Endo polyp
  • Endo hyperplasia
  • Atrophic endometritis
  • Submucosal leiomyoma
  • Tamoxifen
  • HM replacement therapy
  • Cervical cancer
  • Cervical polyp
  • Vaginal cancer
  • Atrophic vaginitis
44
Q

Hoarseness (DDx)

A
  • Laryngeal cancer
  • Laryngitis
  • Vocal cord polyp/node
  • GERD
  • Hypothyroidism
  • MVStenosis (compress left recurrent laryngeal nerve)

*MR LOVE (Malignancy, Reflux, Laryngitis, Overuse, Valve, Endocrine)

45
Q

Pediatric with abnormal breathing (stridor) (DDX)

A
  • Foreign body aspiration
  • Croup
  • Epiglottitis
  • Laryngitis (>5yo, hoarseness)
  • Retropharyngeal abscess (<6yo, muffled voice, drooling)
  • Angioedema (stridor, facial edema)
  • Peritonsillar abscess (>10yo, sore throat, tonsillitis)
  • Laryngeal papilloma (3mo-3yo, hoarseness)

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